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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine >Quantifying Watershed-Based Influences on the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem: The Saint John River Basin
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Quantifying Watershed-Based Influences on the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem: The Saint John River Basin

机译：量化流域对缅因州海湾的影响：圣约翰河流域

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摘要

Estuarine and coastal ecosystems of the Gulf of Maine continue to be degraded by excessive loadings of sediments, nutrients, and contaminants derived from surrounding watersheds. The Saint John River basin is the largest basin in the Gulf of Maine, and within it there are a significant number of major industries along the main stem of the river and vast expanses of land-based activities of forestry and potato production along many of the river valleys and fioodplains. Water quality and loading of sediments and nutrients have changed over the past few hundred years, with the most important changes coming with the expansion of agriculture and pulp and paper processing operations since the 1950s. Several studies are discussed in this chapter that outline the identification and quantification of watershed-based activities that influence the Saint John River ecosystem. Using export coefficient modeling, nonpoint sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Bay of Fundy are shown to be three to four times that of point sources. Few studies explicitly couple river dynamics to estimates of load to the Saint John River estuary and the Bay of Fundy. With high-quality geographic information on land coverage, land usage and human activities, and robust water quantity and quality monitoring programs, analytical models can be developed to help evaluate policy options and chart pathways towards a more integrated understanding and management of the basin and its receiving waters.
机译：缅因州湾的河口和沿海生态系统继续通过过量的沉积物，营养，周围流域的污染物的载重量来降级。圣约翰河流域是缅因湾最大的盆地，并在其中有沿河的主茎主要行业和林业和马铃薯生产的陆上活动的广袤的显著号一起许多河谷和峡谷。沉积物和营养物的水质和装载已经改变了过去几百年里，最重要的变化与农业和纸浆和纸加工业务自1950年代以来扩张的到来。本章讨论了几项研究，概述了影响圣约翰河生态系统的流域活动的识别和量化。使用导出系数建模，非点氮和磷的散氏源显示为点来源的三到四倍。少数研究明确地将河流动力学夫妇到对圣约翰河口和古代湾的负荷估算。在高质量的土地覆盖房地上信息，土地使用和人类活动以及强大的水量和质量监测计划，可以开发分析模型，以帮助评估政策选择和图表途径，以实现盆地的更加综合的理解和管理接受水域。

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