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Sensitivity Analysis of Particle Formation in a Spark-Ignition Engine during Premixed Operation

机译：预混合操作中火花点火发动机粒子形成的敏感性分析

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An experimental sensitivity analysis was performed on a spark-ignition engine to determine the response of a premixed flame to changes in fundamental parameters with regard to particle formation. The parameters varied were intake pressure, intake temperature, and equivalence ratio. A certification gasoline was used for all experiments. Premixing was accomplished by injecting the fuel at high pressure into the intake air stream well upstream of the intake port, providing enough residence time to ensure complete mixing of the air/fuel mixture. A three factor, two level (2~3) factorial design with a center point was used for the initial set of tests, resulting in nine test points with a systematic set of combinations of the three variables. Particulate size distributions were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The study showed significant dependence of particulate formation on all three variables studied. A second set of tests were performed to investigate the influence of equivalence ratio on particulate formation under premixed conditions. The data showed a significant number of small particles exist for stoichiometric and lean operating conditions with diameters less than 50 nm. For equivalence ratios less than 1.2 the measured particle size distribution is relatively invariant with respect to equivalence ratio indicating that bulk gas formation is likely not the source of the particulate under these conditions, due to the high peak temperatures and premixed air-fuel distribution. Future work will focus on determining the source of these particles as it potentially serves as a mechanism for particulate generation in all spark-ignition engines.
机译：在火花点火发动机上进行实验敏感性分析，以确定预混火焰对颗粒形成的基本参数变化的响应。变化的参数是进气压力，进气温度和等效比。用于所有实验的认证汽油。通过将燃料以高压注入进气口的进气流来实现预混合，从而提供足够的停留时间，以确保空气/燃料混合物的完全混合。三个因素，具有中心点的两个级别（2〜3）因素设计用于初始测试集，导致九个测试点具有三个变量的系统组合。使用扫描迁移率粒子Sizer（SMPs）测量颗粒状尺寸分布。该研究表明颗粒形成对所研究的所有三个变量的显着依赖性。进行第二组测试以研究预混合条件下颗粒形成对颗粒形成的影响。该数据显示了大量的小颗粒，用于具有小于50nm的直径的化学计量和贫效应。对于小于1.2的等效比率，由于高峰温度和预混合的空气燃料分布，所以相对于指示在这些条件下，测量的粒度分布是相对不变的。未来的工作将专注于确定这些颗粒的来源，因为它可能用作所有火花点火发动机中的颗粒产生的机制。

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