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首页> 外文会议>SPE Unconventional Resources Conference >Use of Pressure- and Rate-Transient Techniques for Analyzing Core Permeability Tests for Unconventional Reservoirs: Part 2
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Use of Pressure- and Rate-Transient Techniques for Analyzing Core Permeability Tests for Unconventional Reservoirs: Part 2

机译：使用压力和速率瞬态技术来分析非传统水库的核心渗透性测试：第2部分

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Although matrix permeability is an important control on the commercial viability of unconventional reservoirs, there is no consensus on the appropriate way to measure it in the lab. In previous work (Clarkson et al. 2012), we investigated the use of pressure- and rate-transient analysis (PTA/RTA) methods to analyze data obtained from a new core plug analysis procedure designed specifically to extract information (permeability and pore volume) from ultra-low permeability reservoir samples (core plugs). The new approach involved analysis of rate and/or pressure data from the core test analogously to larger-scale well-test/production data. Although this approach offers some advantages over conventional pressure-decay and pulse-decay test analysis procedures, there are some practical issues related to core measurements to support the analysis that need to be addressed. For example, injection or production rate measurements, which are difficult to perform, were required to implement some of the analysis procedures. Further, in the original work, constant injection rates for the injection/falloff portion of the test, and constant flowing pressures for the production portion of the test, were assumed. In this work, we demonstrate that accurate measurement of injection rates is not necessary to obtain an accurate estimate of permeability and that the analysis methods can be applied for variable injection rates and flowback pressures. Several permeability estimates are possible during a single test cycle using the procedures described in this work. Permeability may be estimated from the injection/falloff cycle of the test by 1) identifying the end of transient (linear) flow from derivative techniques combined with the distance of investigation calculation and 2) applying a conventional straight- line analysis of linear flow. Two independent estimates may therefore be obtained, but the latter requires estimation of the injection rate history. Similarly, two permeability estimates may be obtained from the production (flowback) cycle of the test using the distance of investigation and straight-line approaches. Both falloff and production analysis procedures are tested by simulating constant and variable injection rates, and constant and variable flowing pressures, respectively. In some cases, particularly with variable rates/flowing pressures, it may not be possible to obtain permeability from all approaches, making multiple, redundant estimates desirable to avoid a failed core analysis. As with the original test procedure proposed by Clarkson et al. (2012), the unique properties of unconventional reservoirs may be accounted for in the new analysis procedure, such as adsorption and non-Darcy flow (slippage and diffusion), and heterogeneities may be detected and analyzed. We believe this new technique for analyzing core data will considerably improve on current techniques for establishing permeability of unconventional reservoir samples.
机译：虽然矩阵渗透性是对非传统水库商业可行性的重要控制，但在实验室中衡量它的适当方法没有共识。在以前的工作中（Clarkson等人2012），我们调查了使用压力和速率瞬态分析（PTA / RTA）方法来分析从专门设计的新核心插头分析程序获得的数据（渗透率和孔体积） ）来自超低渗透储存器样本（核心塞）。新方法涉及类似于核心测试的速率和/或压力数据的分析，以更大刻度测试/生产数据。虽然这种方法在传统的压力衰减和脉冲衰减测试分析程序上提供了一些优点，但是与核心测量有关的一些实际问题，以支持需要解决的分析。例如，需要难以执行的注射或生产速率测量来实现一些分析程序。此外，在原始工作中，假设了测试的注射/衰减部分的恒定喷射速率，以及测试的生产部分的恒定流动压力。在这项工作中，我们证明了对注射率的准确测量不是必需的，以获得准确的渗透率估计，并且可以应用分析方法以进行可变注射率和流量压力。使用本工作中描述的程序，在单个测试周期中可能进行几种渗透率估计。可以从测试的喷射/衰减周期估计渗透率1）识别来自衍生技术的瞬态（线性）流的结束与调查计算的距离和2）应用于线性流动的传统直线分析。因此可以获得两个独立的估计，但后者需要估计注射率历史。类似地，可以使用调查和直线方法的距离从测试的生产（流量）周期获得两个渗透率估计。通过模拟恒定和可变注射率和恒定和可变流动压力来测试衰减和生产分析程序。在某些情况下，特别是具有可变速率/流动压力，可能无法从所有方法获得渗透性，使得更加冗余估计，以避免失败的核心分析。与Clarkson等人提出的原始测试程序一样。 （2012），在新的分析程序中可能会算是非传统水库的独特性质，例如吸附和非达西流（滑动和扩散），并且可以检测和分析异质性。我们认为这种用于分析核心数据的新技术将大大提高用于建立非传统储层样本的渗透性的当前技术。

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