• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文会议>The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pellston Workshop on Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators >Overview of a Proposed Ecological Risk Assessment Process for Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and Non-Apis Bees
【24h】

Overview of a Proposed Ecological Risk Assessment Process for Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and Non-Apis Bees

机译：蜜蜂（API Mellifera）和非API蜜蜂拟议生态风险评估过程的概述

获取原文
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Ecological risk assessments are intended to evaluate the likelihood that adverse ecological effects may occur as a result of exposure to one or more stressors (USEPA 1992). Typically, at the first tiers, risks are evaluated for individual taxonomic groups (e.g., freshwater fish, upland game birds, or terrestrial plants) using surrogate species. At higher levels of refinement, risks to individual taxa may be further integrated to determine whether there are effects to the community. However, risk assessments are typically conducted at the taxon level (USEPA 2004). The intent of this chapter is to describe a proposed method for estimating risk to honey bees (Apis mellifera) and non-Apis bees from pesticides that are applied via sprays (acting on contact) and via seed or soil treatments and tree trunk injections (acting systemically).In general, a pesticide risk assessment process is used for evaluating new compounds or new products entering the market or those compounds undergoing re-evaluation, as in the 10-year process of re-evaluation in the European Union (EU) or in North America where chemicals are re-evaluated every 15 years. As with risk assessments for other taxonomic groups, the proposed risk assessment method described in this document makes use of surrogate species. The ecological risk assessment process described consists of a series of steps or phases, which are intended to be iterative where information gathered at each step is evaluated against the protection goals. The risk assessment process consists of a problem formulation (Phase 1), analysis (Phase 2), and riskcharacterization (Phase 3). This generic process is depicted in Figure 10.1. In Phase 1, problem formulation, measurement endpoints are identified in relation to protection goals and corresponding assessment endpoints, a conceptual model is prepared, and an analysis plan is developed. Based on the conceptual model and its associated risk hypothesis, the analysis plan articulates how the risk hypothesis will be tested. In Phase 2, analysis, available measures of exposure and measures of effect are evaluated. Through environmental fate data, the movement of a stressor (i.e., the pesticide and relevant transformation and breakdown products) in the environment is characterized; this is frequently termed the' exposure characterization or exposure profile.Similarly, the potential acute and chronic effects of a chemical are characterized in what is frequently termed the stressor-response profile. Additionally, the proposed or existing uses of a compound are characterized and, based on these uses and the environmental fate of the compound, predicted or estimated environmental concentrations (PEC or EEC) are derived.
机译：生态风险评估旨在评估因暴露于一个或多个压力源而可能发生的不利生态影响的可能性（USEPA 1992）。通常，在第一层，使用替代物种对单个分类群（例如，淡水鱼，高地游戏鸟类或陆生物植物）进行风险。在更高水平的细化水平时，可以进一步纳入各个分类群的风险来确定社区是否有影响。但是，风险评估通常在分类舱（USEPA 2004）处进行。本章的目的是描述一种拟议的方法，用于估算蜂蜜蜜蜂（API Mellifera）的风险和来自通过喷雾（作用于接触）和种子或土壤处理和树干喷射的农药的非API蜜蜂的风险（代理系统性地）。在一般来说，农药风险评估过程用于评估进入市场的新化合物或新产品或正在进行重新评估的那些复合，如欧盟（欧盟）的重新评估的10年进程中在北美，化学品每15年重新评估化学品。与其他分类组织的风险评估一样，本文件中描述的拟议风险评估方法利用代理物种。描述的生态风险评估过程包括一系列步骤或阶段，这些过程旨在迭代，其中根据保护目标评估在每个步骤中收集的信息。风险评估过程包括问题配方（阶段1），分析（阶段2）和风险特征（阶段3）。该通用过程如图10.1所示。在阶段1，问题制构中，对保护目标和相应的评估终点确定了测量终点，制备了一个概念模型，并且开发了分析计划。根据概念模型及其相关的风险假设，分析计划阐明了风险假设的测试方式。在第2阶段，评估分析，可用的接触措施和效果衡量标准。通过环境命运数据，在环境中的压力源（即农药和相关变化和崩溃产品）的运动是特征;这通常被称为“曝光表征或曝光谱。微生物地，化学物质的潜在急性和慢性效应在于经常被称为应力源 - 反应曲线。另外，提出的化合物或现有用途的特征在于，基于这些用途，得到了化合物的环境命运，预测或估计的环境浓度（PEC或EEC）。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号