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(2)Human Rights Impact Assessment in the Extractive Industries: taking a Human Rights-Based Approach

机译：（2）采掘行业的人权影响评估：采取基于人权的方法

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With increased attention being given to the accountability of businesses for their human rights impacts, human rights impact assessment (HRIA)has gained traction as one tool available to assess and address the impacts of extractive industries projects on the human rights enjoyment of workers and communities. The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs)have been a key driving factor for the growing focus on HRIA. However, as HRIA is relatively new in the extractive industries, for example compared to the more established practices of environmental or social impact assessment, current HRIA practice varies considerably and there are few examples of methodologies and assessments in the public domain. This hinders the development of a common understanding amongst extractive industries stakeholders as to what 'good practice' HRIA can and should entail. Relatedly, the extent to which such assessments in fact facilitate processes and outcomes that effectively address the adverse human rights impacts of extractive industries projects remains largely unknown. In this paper, we propose that the human rights-based approach might provide useful parameters to guide the development, implementation and evaluation of HRIA methodologies and practice going forward. In particular, the focus that the human rights-based approach places on (i)the application of international human rights standards, (ii)human rights principles to guide processes, and (iii)accountability and transparency, could provide useful parameters, with the view to establishing HRIA practice that meaningfully contributes to preventing and addressing the adverse human rights impacts of extractive industries projects.
机译：随着越来越多的关注正给予企业的责任为他们的人权的影响，人权影响评估（人权国际）已获得牵引力提供一个工具来评估和地址采掘业项目对工人和社区的人权享受的影响。在商业与人权（UNGPs）联合国指导原则已经在越来越注重人权影响评估的一个关键推动因素。然而，由于人权影响评估是在采掘业相对较新的，例如相对于环境和社会影响评估的比较成熟的做法，目前的人权国际惯例而变化，而且有方法和评估在公共领域的几个例子。这阻碍了达成共识的发展之中采掘业的利益相关者以什么“良好做法”人权影响评估可以和应该包括。与此相关，在何种程度上，其实这样的评估方便的过程和结果，有效地解决采掘业项目的人权的不良影响仍然知之甚少。在本文中，我们提出了基于人权的方法可能提供有用的参数，以指导人权影响评估方法和实践的发展，执行和评估前进。特别是，焦点在基于人权方法的地方（我）的国际人权标准的应用程序，（二）人权原则指导流程，及（iii）问责制和透明度，可以提供有用的参数，与为了建立人权国际惯例，有意义有助于防止和解决采掘业项目的人权的不良影响。

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