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Informal Household Water Market and Determinants of Price: Evidence from an Indian Hill City

机译：非正式的家庭水市场和价格决定因素：来自印度山城的证据

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Pricing of water in the hill cities in India is different from that of plain lands, because water is a scarce resource in most of the hill cities. The supply of water by the municipalities is inadequate. The private vendors come into picture and they put the prices according to the difficulties faced in supplying to the specific locations. Thus prices become variables and are also based on the economic demand-supply mechanism in which the households try to maximise their satisfaction subject to budget and other constraints, while the vendors try to extract as much benefit as possible from the buyers. This paper tries to examine the pricing of household water use in Shillong urban area, India and the impact of various factors including income, house rent, seasonal scarcity of water, capacity of municipal supply, household size on the price-quantity determination. The analysis is made in terms of a simultaneous equation framework and the model is applied to a data collected by stratified random sampling technique across the municipal wards and nonmunicipal segments of greater Shillong urban Agglomeration. The result of three stage least squares reveals significant positive impacts of income, scarcity of water on the demand price while significantly negative impacts of quantity purchased, extent of municipal supply, house rent paid on the demand price. But the household size does not have any significant impact on the demand price though large household is expected to require more water. The supply of water on the other hand is not significantly affected by price, extent of municipal supply and deficiency though the coefficients are in the expected line.
机译：印度山城市的水价与平原的不同之处不同，因为水是大多数山城城市的稀缺资源。市政当局供应水不足。私人供应商进入图片，他们按照提供给特定地点的困难。因此，价格变成变量，也是根据家庭试图最大限度地满足预算和其他限制的经济需求 - 供应机制，而供应商试图从买家那里提取尽可能多的利益。本文试图检验中三龙市区，印度的家用用水定价，以及各种因素，包括收入，房屋租金，水季节性稀缺，市政供应能力，家庭规模在价格数量决定。该分析是根据同时等式框架进行的，并且该模型应用于通过城市病房的分层随机抽样技术收集的数据以及大清三龙城市集聚的非法分段。三阶段最小二乘的结果揭示了收入，水资源稀缺的显着积极影响，而在市政供应量的数量，房屋租金的数量显着影响，则按照需求价格进行显着负面影响。但家庭规模对需求价格没有任何重大影响，虽然大家预计需要更多的水。另一方面，水供应不会受到价格，城市供应和缺乏的程度，尽管系数处于预期线路。

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