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首页> 外文会议>SPIE Conference on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography >A-scan ultrasound system for real-time puncture safety assessment during percutaneous nephrolithotomy
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A-scan ultrasound system for real-time puncture safety assessment during percutaneous nephrolithotomy

机译：用于经皮肾功能术期间实时穿刺安全评估的A扫描超声系统

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Background: Kidney stone is a major universal health problem, affecting 10% of the population worldwide. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a first-line and established procedure for disintegration and removal of renal stones. Its surgical success depends on the precise needle puncture of renal calyces, which remains the most challenging task for surgeons. This work describes and tests a new ultrasound based system to alert the surgeon when undesirable anatomical structures are in between the puncture path defined through a tracked needle. Methods: Two circular ultrasound transducers were built with a single 3.3-MHz piezoelectric ceramic PZT SN8, 25.4 mm of radius and resin-epoxy matching and backing layers. One matching layer was designed with a concave curvature to work as an acoustic lens with long focusing. The A-scan signals were filtered and processed to automatically detect reflected echoes. Results: The transducers were mapped in water tank and tested in a study involving 45 phantoms. Each phantom mimics different needle insertion trajectories with a percutaneous path length between 80 and 150 mm. Results showed that the beam cross-sectional area oscillates around the ceramics radius and it was possible to automatically detect echo signals in phantoms with length higher than 80 mm. Conclusions: This new solution may alert the surgeon about anatomical tissues changes during needle insertion, which may decrease the need of X-Ray radiation exposure and ultrasound image evaluation during percutaneous puncture.
机译：背景：肾结石是一个主要的普遍健康问题，影响全世界10％的人口。经皮肾功能术是一种典型的崩解和去除肾结石的一线和建立的程序。它的手术成功取决于肾金灰的精确针刺，这仍然是外科医生最具挑战性的任务。该工作描述并测试并测试新的超声波系统，以提醒外科医生当不希望的解剖结构在通过跟踪针定义的穿刺路径之间。方法：采用单个3.3-MHz压电陶瓷PZT SN8，25.4mm半径和树脂 - 环氧匹配和背衬层采用两个圆形超声换能器。一个匹配层设计有凹形曲率，以作为具有长聚焦的声学透镜。滤波并处理A扫描信号以自动检测反射回波。结果：换能器在水箱中映射并在涉及45个幻影的研究中进行测试。每个Phantom模仿不同的针插入轨迹，在80到150mm之间的经皮路径长度。结果表明，光束横截面积围绕陶瓷半径振荡，并且可以自动检测长度高于80mm的幻像中的回波信号。结论：这种新解决方案可以提醒外科医生在针插入期间的解剖组织变化，这可能降低经皮穿刺期间的X射线辐射曝光和超声图像评估。

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