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首页> 外文会议>IFToMM Symposium on the History of Machines and Mechanisms >The Transformation of the Largest Aircraft Factory of Romania in Tractors Factory as Result of the Soviet Occupation
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The Transformation of the Largest Aircraft Factory of Romania in Tractors Factory as Result of the Soviet Occupation

机译：苏联占领拖拉机工厂中罗马尼亚最大飞机工厂的转变

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摘要

After recalling the creation in 1925 and the rise of "Romanian Aeronautical Industry" (IAR) the most efficient plant in Romania during the period between the world wars this paper analyzes, in detail, its two periods of profound upheaval. The first in the context of the occupation of Romania by the Soviets and the establishment of the communist dictatorship sees the transformation of the IAR in tractor plants. The second, after December'89 in the process of exit from communism, is characterized by a long agony of the factory that ends with its liquidation. Until the end of the World War II, IAR produced more than 1,200 aircraft with over clean design and the other half under license: PZL (Poland), Fleet (US), and Savoia-Marchetti, Nardi (Italy), Fiesler-Storch and Messerschmitt (Germany). The Convention of the armistice with the Soviets was very strict and was only the beginning of a series of crimes (liquidation of elites) and abuse. Of these confiscated as compensation (followed by the nationalization) of certain industrial, removal or change of use to others etc. The latter case is illustrated perfectly by the IAR. In 1946, it changed its specialization, into producing tractors. The first was the IAR-22, a hybrid between Hanomag and Lanz Bulldog, followed by tracked Soviet models, KD and KDS. Early in 1960, appearing on the market the first fully Romanian tractor design, as well equipped with Fiat engines. The plant has grown, reaching a production capacity of 32,000 tractors per year, with 24.000 employees, having a good price on the market (11.000 USD in comparison with others, e.g. John Deere - 25.000 USD). After December 1989, the situation of the plant was constantly deteriorated and often, employees of the factory took to the streets to express their discontent. In 2002, the company was still producing 4000 tractors. In 2004, it was close to the privatization; the potential buyer was the Italian Landini Group, or Mahindra. For different reasons (it's difficult to find a real reason) the privatization did not take place. In 2007 the plant was closed, entering in a process of liquidation and its assets were purchased by Flavus Invest Ltd. of Bucharest, owned by the British Investment Fund Capital Partener Centera.
机译：回想起1925年的创作和“罗马尼亚航空界”（IAR）世界大战期间最有效的植物植物，本文分析了其两年注于深厚的动荡。苏联占罗马尼亚占领的第一个和共产主义独裁统一的第一次看到了IAR在拖拉机植物中的转变。第二，在12月89日之后的共产主义退出过程中，其特点是工厂的长期痛苦，以其清算结束。直到第二次世界大战结束时，IAR生产了超过1,200架飞机，在干净的设计和其他一半的牌照：PZL（波兰），舰队（美国）和Savoia-Marchetti，Nardi（意大利），Fiesler-Storch和Messerschmitt（德国）。与苏联人的停战公约非常严格，只是一系列罪行的开始（精英清算）和滥用。这些被没收作为某些工业，移除或改变对他人的赔偿（后跟国有化）等。后者案件由IAR完全说明。 1946年，它将专业化改为生产拖拉机。第一个是IAR-22，Hanomag和Lanz Bulldog之间的混合动力录，其次是追踪苏联模型，KD和KDS。 1960年初出现在市场上，这是第一个完全罗马尼亚拖拉机设计，配备了菲亚特发动机。该植物已生长，达到每年32,000辆拖拉机的生产能力，拥有24,000名员工，在市场上具有良好的价格（与他人相比，11.000美元，例如，John Deere - 25.000 USD）。在1989年12月之后，工厂的情况不断恶化，往往，工厂的员工迈向街头表达了他们的不满。 2002年，该公司仍在生产4000辆拖拉机。 2004年，它接近私有化;潜在的买家是意大利Landini集团，或Mahindra。出于不同的原因（很难找到真正的原因）私有化没有发生。 2007年，该工厂已关闭，进入清算过程及其资产由英国投资基金资本分配中心拥有的布加勒斯特的Flavus Invest Ltd.。

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