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(Chapter9)Mountain Groundwater System: Current Research and Preliminary Results

机译：（第9章）山地地下水系统：目前的研究和初步结果

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For mining activities in mountain areas, water availability and dewatering are critical issues; therefore the understanding of the hydrogeological processes that govern the occurrence of water at such environments is fundamental. However mountain hydrology is not totally understood because there are many uncertainties about the role of groundwater in hydrological processes. In fact, most of the research that has been conducted on mountain hydrology has focused on snow and glacier processes, but less attention has been given to groundwater processes. This is understandable, because snowmelt drives the streamflow generation in most semi-arid zones. However, recent studies have demonstrated that mountain-front recharge and fractured rock systems play an important role on water stores and release and therefore groundwater contributions to the water balance are significant in most mountain areas. This article presents the results of two research projects that study groundwater systems in mountain watersheds. The first study is located in the semi-arid region of Coquimbo and focuses on geological controls on the existence of water wells along the region. The second study was located at the volcanic watershed of the Diguillin river in the Biobio region. The results of the aforementioned research has led us to understand that groundwater systems at mountain zones are highly complex; important aquifer systems are formed by fractured rocks, which are recharged by direct infiltration from precipitation and snowmelt. Boundaries of mountain fractured-rock groundwater systems are frequently different than those of the surface hydrological watershed and are responsible for non-linear behavior of streamflow in several rivers, like the Diguillin and Renegado rivers, producing a minimum flow condition that provides essential ecosystem services in those rivers during the critical dry season.
机译：对于山区采矿活动，水供应和脱水是关键问题;因此，了解在这种环境下管理水的发生的水文地质过程是至关重要的。然而，山水文并不完全理解，因为关于地下水在水文过程中的作用存在许多不确定性。事实上，在山水文中进行的大部分研究都集中在雪和冰川过程中，但对地下水过程的关注较少。这是可以理解的，因为雪花在大多数半干旱区域中驱动流流。然而，最近的研究表明，山前充电和裂缝岩体系统在水上商店和释放中发挥着重要作用，因此大多数山区的水平对水平的地面贡献显着。本文介绍了两项研究项目的结果，该项目研究了山地流域的地下水系统。第一项研究位于Coquimbo的半干旱地区，侧重于地质控制沿着该地区的水井存在。第二项研究位于Biobio地区的Diguillin河的火山流域。上述研究的结果导致我们了解山地地区的地下水系统非常复杂;重要的含水层系统由断裂岩石形成，通过直接渗透到降水和散户来充电。山地破裂岩地下水系统的界限通常与表面水文流域的边界不同，并且负责几条河流中流出的非线性行为，如Diguillin和Renegado Rivers，产生了提供基本生态系统服务的最小流量条件那些在临界旱季期间的河流。

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