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Universally Designed Text on the Web: Towards Readability Criteria Based on Anti-Patterns

机译：网上普遍设计的文本：朝着基于反模式的可读性标准

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摘要

The readability of web texts affects accessibility. The Web Content Accessibility guidelines (WCAG) state that the recommended reading level should match that of someone who has completed basic schooling. However, WCAG does not give advice on what constitutes an appropriate reading level. Web authors need tools to help composing WCAG compliant texts, and specific criteria are needed. Classic readability metrics are generally based on lengths of words and sentences and have been criticized for being over-simplistic. Automatic measures and classifications of texts' reading levels employing more advanced constructs remain an unresolved problem. If such measures were feasible, what should these be? This work examines three language constructs not captured by current readability indices but believed to significantly affect actual readability, namely, relative clauses, garden path sentences, and left-branching structures. The goal is to see whether quantifications of these stylistic features reflect readability and how they correspond to common readability measures. Manual assessments of a set of authentic web texts for such uses were conducted. The results reveal that texts related to narratives such as children's stories, which are given the highest readability value, do not contain these constructs. The structures in question occur more frequently in expository texts that aim at educating or disseminating information such as strategy and journal articles. The results suggest that language anti-patterns hold potential for establishing a set of deeper readability criteria.
机译：Web文本的可读性会影响可访问性。 Web内容可访问性指南（WCAG）状态推荐的阅读级别应与已完成基础教育的人的匹配。但是，WCAG并没有就构成适当的阅读级别提供建议。 Web Audeors需要工具来帮助编写WCAG兼容文本，并且需要特定的标准。经典可读性指标通常基于单词和句子的长度，并被批评过分简单。自动测量和文本阅读级别采用更高级构建的读数仍然是一个未解决的问题。如果这些措施是可行的，这些措施应该是什么？这项工作检查了当前可读性指标未捕获的三种语言构造，但相信显着影响实际可读性，即相对条款，花园路径句和左分支结构。目标是看这些风格特征的量化是否反映了可读性以及它们对应于常见可读性措施的可读性。进行了一组真实网络文本的手动评估进行此类用途。结果表明，与儿童故事等叙述相关的文本，其赋予最高可读性值，不包含这些构造。问题中的结构更频繁地发生在旨在教育或传播战略和期刊文章等信息的旨在教育或传播。结果表明，语言反模式持有建立一套更深层次可读性标准的可能性。

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