Deposits for aluminum connector systems need to be comprised of RoHS and SVHC compliant materials. Y-phase zinc nickel and trivalent passivate can be used as a substitute for cadmium and hexavalent coating. (1) Zinc-Nickel provides the best corrosion protection between 12% and 16% nickel; (2) Zinc-Nickel has an ECP very close to cadmium. Development of a ternary alloy provides improved performance over aluminum connectors systems: (1) Ternary alloy has an even closer ECP to cadmium; (2) Concentration of iron in the deposit and electrolyte composition can affect parameters like, grain structure, bendability and corrosion resistance. (3) The deposit crystal orientation affects the bendability of the zinc nickel layer - improved bendability is achieved with the system. (4) Special trivalent passivate design achieves better NSST performance than the conventional hexavalent chromate (no white haze). (5) Minimized HCD dendrites; (6) Can be run without proprietary organic brightener. Ternary system operates like commercial zinc nickel systems: (1) Fits into existing plating set up; (2) Runs at comparable current densities; (3) can be waste & contaminant treated like commercial zinc nickel systems.
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