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Radioactive release during nuclear accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima

机译：切尔诺贝利和福岛核事故期间的放射性释放

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摘要

Nuclear accidents that occurred in Chernobyl and Fukushima have initiated many research interests to understand the cause and mechanism of radioactive release within reactor compound and to the environment. Common types of radionuclide release are the fission products from the irradiated fuel rod itself. In case of nuclear accident, the focus of monitoring will be mostly on the release of noble gases, I-131 and Cs-137. As these are the only accidents have been rated within International Nuclear Events Scale (INES) Level 7, the radioactive release to the environment was one of the critical insights to be monitored. It was estimated that the release of radioactive material to the atmosphere due to Fukushima accident was approximately 10% of the Chernobyl accident. By referring to the previous reports using computational code systems to model the release rate, the release activity of 1-131 and Cs-137 in Chernobyl was significantly higher compare to Fukushima. The simulation code also showed that Chernobyl had higher release rate of both radionuclides on the day of accident. Other factors affecting the radioactive release for Fukushima and Chernobyl accidents such as the current reactor technology and safety measures are also compared for discussion.
机译：切尔诺贝利和福岛发生的核事故已经开始了许多研究兴趣，以了解反应堆化合物和环境中放射性释放的原因和机制。常见类型的放射性核素释放是来自辐照燃料棒本身的裂变产物。在核事故的情况下，监测的重点主要是释放惰性气体，I-131和CS-137。由于这些是唯一的意外，国际核事件规模（ines）级别7，环境的放射性释放是监测的重要见解之一。据估计，由于福岛事故导致的大气中放射性物质的释放约为切尔诺贝利事故的10％。通过使用计算码系统参考先前的报告来模拟释放率，切尔诺贝基1-131和CS-137的释放活动与Fukushima相比显着更高。模拟代码还表明，切尔诺贝利在事故日内具有更高的放射性核素的释放率。还比较了影响福岛和切尔诺贝利事故的放射性释放的其他因素，例如当前的反应器技术和安全措施，讨论。

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