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首页> 外文会议>Hydrovision International >High Resolution Mapping of Aquatic Habitat at the River Corridor Scale Using Hydro-Acoustic Measurements of 3D Current Velocities and River Analyzer Software.
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High Resolution Mapping of Aquatic Habitat at the River Corridor Scale Using Hydro-Acoustic Measurements of 3D Current Velocities and River Analyzer Software.

机译：水管栖息地的高分辨率映射在河流走廊规模中使用3D电流速度和河流分析仪软件。

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Restoration of sensitive fish species often requires quantifying habitat conditions that change seasonally as water is regulated and supplies vary. Fluid dynamic modeling can provide estimates of flow, whereas high density hydroacoustic measurements can provide bathymetry, 3D water velocities and current directions spanning the river channel from shore to shore and downstream over hundreds of kilometers using Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADP). We use an array of boats, each equipped with an ADP and compass- oriented GPS to survey downstream in parallel tracks to map river flows and channel morphology. Data are then interpolated over the entire river using River Analyzer, specifically-designed data integration software. Hydraulic data are then meshed with floodplain topography and aerial imagery. Repeat surveys spanning observed water levels allow calculating habitat availability at intermediate river stages or reservoir elevations. This data collection and analysis approach allows empirical assessment of river habitat conditions at the resolution needed to examine species’ life-cycle requirements. In September 2014 we mapped a 4 km reference reach at a discharge of 170 cms (6000 cfs) and in September 2015 we mapped a 50 km reference reach at a discharge of 127 cms (4,500 cfs). In June 2016, at a discharge of 255 cms (9,000 cfs) we mapped the entire 338 km of the Missouri River from the Milk River confluence downstream of Fort Peck Dam, Montana USA, to the headwaters of Sakakawea Reservoir near Williston, North Dakota in just ten days. These studies quantified 3D flow patterns that control the drift speed and dispersal of endangered pallid sturgeon larvae. Results revealed larval drift speeds and pathways from various hypothetical spawning locations, enabling us to assess if drifting larvae have sufficient river residence time to survive, or if they are swept into Sakakawea Reservoir where they apparently die. Drift simulations at 255 cms discharge revealed that less than 1% could drift the entire distance in approximately 6.5 days, and only if the embryos remained suspended high in the water column and in the fastest currents of the thalweg. However, past recapture studies report that most drifting Pallid Sturgeon embryos have been captured near the bottom. Our simulations of drift in the bottom boundary layer at a discharge of 255 cms indicate that it would take approximately 31 days to drift from the Milk River confluence to Sakakawea Reservoir. Mean water column drift results from the reference reach at a discharge of 170 cms, extrapolated to the entire 338 km study reach, would average 16 days with similar wide dispersion. Drift duration at the lowest discharge (127 cms) has not yet been extrapolated to the entire study reach, although drift path simulations showed very low dispersion over most of the 50 km mapped as drift paths converged within the confined thalweg.
机译：敏感鱼类的恢复通常需要量化栖息地条件，随着水被调节，供应变化而变化。流体动力学建模可以提供流动的估计，而高密度的水声测量可以提供跨越河道的浴室，3D水速度和当前方向从岸到岸边到岸边，并且使用声学多普勒分析器（ADP）以上数百千克下游。我们使用一系列船只，每个船只都配备了ADP和指南针导向的GPS，以在并行轨道上测量下游，以映射河流和通道形态。然后使用河流分析仪，专门设计的数据集成软件在整个河上插值数据。然后用洪泛区地形和空中图像啮合液压数据。跨越观察到的水平的重复调查允许在中间河流阶段或水库升降处计算栖息地可用性。该数据收集和分析方法允许在检查物种生命周期要求所需的分辨率下对河流栖息地条件进行实证评估。 2014年9月，我们映射了4公里的参考资料170 CMS（6000 CFS），并于2015年9月，我们映射了50公里的参考范围，达到127 CMS（4,500 CFS）。 2016年6月，在255 CMS的拒绝抵押（9,000厘米），我们将整个338 km的密苏里河汇率从蒙大拿州蒙大拿州蒙大拿州的牛奶河交汇处映射到Sakakawea水库的北达科他州威斯顿附近的Sakakawea水库的北面只有十天。这些研究量化了控制濒危磷酸盐鲟鱼幼虫的漂移速度和分散的3D流动模式。结果揭示了各种假设产卵地点的幼虫漂移速度和途径，使我们能够评估漂移幼虫是否有足够的河流停留时间来生存，或者如果它们被扫入，或者它们显然死亡。 255 CMS放电的漂移模拟显示，小于1％的距离可能在大约6.5天内漂移整个距离，并且只有在水柱中仍然悬浮在水柱中并且在Thalweg最快的电流中悬浮。然而，过去的recapture研究报告称，最漂移的苍白鲟鱼胚胎已被捕获在底部附近。我们在255 CMS放电时底部边界层漂移模拟表明，从牛奶河汇合到萨卡瓦亚水库，大约需要31天。平均水柱漂移结果来自参考达到170cms的放电，推断为整个338 km的研究达到，平均16天具有相似的宽分散。尽管漂移路径模拟显示到整个研究范围内尚未推断到整个研究范围，但由于在限制的Thalweg内融合的漂移路径，漂移路径模拟显示出非常低的分散。

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