Faraday rotation angle formula for polarized light propagating in magneto-optic medium is investigated theoretically. Based on the Biot-Savart Law and Maxwell's equations, a calculation model for electromagnetic field in solenoid paraxial region is deduced. Taking advantage of this model, together with the Bessel functions, the axial magnetic field in a typical medium is calculated and analyzed. In addition, to thoroughly analyze the influence mechanisms of the incident wavelength and temperature on the Verdet constant and then uncover its essence, a hypothesis which suggests the Faraday effect results from the combination of various factors is proposed. Furthermore, a theory of wave-transition contribution to the Verdet constant is deduced by adopting the theory of wave-particle duality. Taking the typical diamagnetic material ZF1 and paramagnetic material TGG as examples, the deduced theory together with the corresponding models is tested and verified by analyzing the relevant parameters and the test data. At last, a testing system for magneto-optical rotation together with its finite element model is introduced.
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