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Scatterometer-Derived Wind Fields for Mid-Latitude Storms

机译：用于中纬度风暴的散射仪衍生的风田

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Data from several satellite passes can be combined to produce surface vector wind fields for the bulk of the storm. A wide range of gridding techniques and assumptions can be used to produce these gridded wind fields, each with substantial strengths and weaknesses. For example, numerical weather prediction (NWP) tools can be used to assimilate the satellite data, and to advect information to a common time. However, such models tend to have rather poor boundary-layer physics, and imposed physical assumptions rarely work well for severe weather. These problems are much worse in the tropics than in mid-latitudes; however, they remain a serious problem for warm core seclusions (mid-latitude storms with a core that is warm relative to its surroundings), which are extremely powerful storms. Another problem with these storms is that they tend to translate very rapidly and change their structure on short time scales compared to NWP output. These rapid changes hamper traditional objective analysis techniques, greatly limiting the time window for which data can be usefully assimilated. Data from adjacent scatterometer passes (less than two hours difference) have been used with some success in the representation of patterns for wind speed and direction. Spatial derivative of wind vectors are often of more interest for ocean and atmospheric dynamics. In this study, the vorticity field (the curl of the winds) is investigated in the context of warm core seclusions. The vorticity is calculated in the individual swaths (prior to regridding), and in the gridded product.
机译：来自几种卫星通行证的数据可以组合以产生用于大部分风暴的表面矢量风田。可以使用各种网格化技术和假设来生产这些包装的风力场，每个都具有实质性的强度和弱点。例如，数值天气预报（NWP）工具可用于同化卫星数据，并将信息推进到共同时间。然而，这种模型往往具有相当贫困的边界层物理，并且施加的物理假设很少适用于恶劣天气。热带地区的这些问题比中纬度更差;然而，他们仍然是温暖核心障碍的严重问题（中纬度暴风雨与相对于周围环境温暖的核心），这是极其强大的风暴。这些风暴的另一个问题是，与NWP输出相比，它们倾向于非常快速地转换并在短时间尺度上改变它们的结构。这些快速改变了妨碍传统的客观分析技术，大大限制了可以有效地同化数据的时间窗口。来自相邻散射仪的数据（不到两个小时差异）已经在风速和方向的图案的表示中取得了一些成功。风矢量的空间衍生通常对海洋和大气动力学的兴趣更大。在该研究中，在温暖的核心沉降的背景下研究了涡旋场（风的卷曲）。涡流在各个条子（在遗传之前）和网格产品中的计算。

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