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Flood disaster and training of River Ganga and its two tributaries in India--some case study

机译：洪泛河洪水灾害及其在印度的两个支流 - 某些案例研究

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River Ganga and its tributaries originating from the Great Himalayas carry a large volume of water and sediments causing flood disaster in the plains almost every year. Ganga basin with a total catchment area of 1,086,000 km~2 is very fertile and most of the major cities in north India are located on the banks of the main river and its tributaries. About 40% of India's population of about 1200 million live here for easy access to water. Some of the holy pilgrimages of India lie on their banks which attract large numbers tourists from India and abroad every year. Normal annual rainfall in the basin is about 1800 mm, mainly during monsoon lasting from June to August. Due to uneven distribution of precipitation, both from rain and snowfall, there is an extreme variation of run-off in the rivers causing floods which result in loss of life, damage to properties and disruption of communication system. The problem is further aggravated due to huge influx of sediments and their irregular deposition within the river. Costly river training measures are to be adopted against flooding and protection of structures/banks/embankments due to river meandering and consequent erosion and sometimes river avulsion.
机译：江达河及其支流起源于伟大喜马拉雅山，携带大量的水和沉积物，几乎每年都会在平原中造成洪水灾害。总集水区面积为1,086,000公里〜2的Ganga盆地非常肥沃，印度北部的大部分主要城市位于主要河流及其支流的银行。在这里，约有40％的印度人口约12亿人口，以便于进入水。印度的一些神圣朝圣者躺在他们的银行每年吸引来自印度和国外的大量游客。盆地的正常降雨量约为1800毫米，主要是在6月至8月的季风持续期间。由于降水分布不均，既从雨雪降雪中，河流中的径流存在极端变化，导致洪水导致生命丧失，属性损害和通信系统的破坏。由于沉积物的巨大涌入及其在河内的不规则沉积，该问题进一步加剧。由于河流蜿蜒和随之而来的侵蚀，有时河流侵蚀，应采取昂贵的河流训练措施防洪和保护结构/银行/堤防。

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