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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Sustainable Synergies from Buildings to the Urban Scale >What is the required level of details to represent the impact of the built environment on energy demand?
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What is the required level of details to represent the impact of the built environment on energy demand?

机译：代表建筑环境对能源需求的影响是什么样的细节？

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A foil coupling between a CFD code, a thermo-radiative model and a building energy simulation model enables Solene-microclimat software to calculate both building thermal behavior and urban microclimate with the retroaction of buildings on microclimate. However, this full coupling is time consuming and it is legitimate to wonder if it is always necessary to perform such detailed simulations. In the framework of the MERUBBI project, simulations were carried out to answer this question. A set of simulations was designed to explore different kinds of configurations: three cities in France (Nantes, Paris and Strasbourg), three levels of density (from an isolated building to an implementation in the dense city center) and three kinds of buildings (an individual house in Paris, a residential building in Nantes and an office building in Strasbourg). To study the sensitivity of energy demand to the coupling detail, for each thermal flux at the external surfaces of the building, several levels of details were taken into account. For the impact of wind on convection, three modalities were considered: a constant convective heat transfer coefficient, calculated from the wind velocity at 10m;; a convective heat transfer coefficient calculated from a vertical wind profile;; a convective heat transfer coefficient calculated from the local wind velocity simulated with a CFD code. For the impact of air temperature on convection, two modalities are considered the use of the temperature measured at the nearest meteorological station;; a local temperature calculated with the CFD simulation. For the impact of long-wave radiative exchanges, three modalities: the building exchanges with the sky without taking into account the masks of the environment and the longwave radiative exchanges with the other surfaces;; the building exchanges with the sky, taking into account the mask effects but not the exchanges with the surrounding surfaces;; long-wave exchanges are taken into account with all kinds of surfaces in function of view factors. For the impact of short-wave radiations, two modalities: only direct and diffuse solar fluxes are taken into account;; inter-reflections are considered. The results indicate that if the calculation of air temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient have few impacts in all the cases, the way of calculating long-wave and short wave radioactive fluxes has to be carefully considered, in winter as in summer. More detailed recommendations are given according to the density of the site in which the building will be implemented.
机译：箔一个CFD代码，一个热辐射模型和建筑能源仿真模型之间耦合使得Solene-microclimat软件计算两个建筑热行为和城市小气候与小气候建筑物的反作用。然而，这完全耦合非常耗时，而且是合理的怀疑，如果它总是需要进行如此详细的模拟。在MERUBBI项目的框架内，模拟进行了回答这个问题。一组模拟旨在探讨不同类型的配置：三个城市在法国（南特，巴黎和斯特拉斯堡），三级密度（从一个孤立的建筑在密集的城市中心实现）和3种建筑（一个别房子在巴黎，一栋居民楼在南特和办公楼在斯特拉斯堡）。为了研究能源需求到耦合细节的敏感性，用于在建筑物的外表面每个热通量，的细节几个水平考虑。对于风对流的影响，三个模态被认为是：在稳定的对流热传递系数，以10m从风速计算;;从垂直风廓线计算出的对流热传递系数;;从与CFD代码模拟本地风速计算的对流热传递系数。有关对流空气的温度的影响，两个模态被认为是使用在最近的气象站测得的温度的;;用CFD模拟计算出的局部温度。对于长波辐射的交流，三种模式的影响：与天空的建设方面的交流不考虑口罩环境和长波辐射的交流与其它表面;;与天空的建设方面的交流，考虑到面膜的效果，但与周围的表面;;不交流长波交换是考虑到与在视因素函数的所有种类的表面。对于短波辐射的影响，两种模式：仅直接和散射太阳通量考虑;;间的反射考虑。研究结果表明，如果空气的温度和对流换热系数的计算在所有的情况下，一些影响，计算长波和短波辐射通量的方式必须要仔细考虑，冬季是在夏季。更详细的建议是根据该建筑物将实施现场的密度给出。

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