Modern dairy cattle breeding is based on the usage of various breeds of livestock. However, among this variety there are leading breeds. In Russia as well as in the world one of the most common breed is the Holstein breed. Besides, black-and-white and Simmental cattle are widely used. Each of them has its own characteristics; they relate not only to productivity, but also to the frequency of various blood groups. The study of the frequency of blood groups occurrence allows assessing the diversity of populations, the degree of genetic similarity of different populations and, as a consequence, correcting the breeding work with the livestock. The article presents the immunogenetic characteristics of dairy cattle breeds of different populations bred in the Tyumen region. The research allows obtaining the results that assert a high degree of homogeneity of the Holstein cattle belonging to different populations, while the black-and-white cattle retained some genetic diversity. The genetic similarity indices ranged from 0.815 to 0.873 and 0.568 to 0.791 according to the breed, respectively. In addition, the blood groups were revealed that were characteristic only of the black-and-white breed and only of Holstein cattle. The analysis of the frequency of blood groups occurrence among the Simmental cattle showed a relative similarity of the animals of the Austrian and German selection, the index of genetic similarity was 0.733. The results obtained will allow the adjustment of the subsequent breeding work in order to maintain the genetic diversity of breeds.
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