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首页> 外文会议>International Commission of Agricultural Engineering(CIGR) International Conference >Vertical Progressive Tillage to Remove Subsoil Compaction will Improve Subsoil and Increase Water Use Efficiency of Field Crops
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Vertical Progressive Tillage to Remove Subsoil Compaction will Improve Subsoil and Increase Water Use Efficiency of Field Crops

机译：垂直渐进耕作以除去底土压实将改善底层，提高田间作物的用水效率

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Researching long-term conservation tillage between 1978 to 2002, we realised that poor water use efficiency in field crops grown in South Australian red-brown earth was mainly associated with subsoil problems in particular compaction, and the use of no-till without first removing compaction would take more than 15 years to satisfactorily repair compacted subsoil. In 1997 we set up a field experiment to develop a new tillage regime to test the benefits of varying tillage depths to ameliorate compaction and increase the depth of soil exploitable by plant roots and improve yield and yield quality. The experiment was fully randomised block design with 4 replicates and included three rotations: continuous cereal with wheat-barleywheat- wheat (WBWWWW); wheat-peas-canola-wheat-peas (WPeCaWPe); wheat-pasturepasture- wheat-peas (WPPWPe). Each rotation had three tillage regimes: conventional cultivation (CC) - cultivating several times and seeding with 175mm wide shares; no-tillage (NT) - sowing into uncultivated soil with 15mm leading edge points; and tillage rotation (TR) - direct drilled up to 15cm depth of cut but varying from year to year to avoid a consistent uniform depth of working. TR was sown with points: 8mm leading edge, 50mm wing width and 40mm wing depth and depth of cut alternating between 12cm and 15cm each year. The TR system took only 4 years to reduce bulk density in these depths from 1.9t/m{sup}3 to 1.34t/m{sup}3. Due to these decreases, TR yield and economic returns increased considerably compared with NT and CC. TR and NT nitrate N, conductivity and sulphur contents of the subsoil, measured in the 6th year of experimentation, increased significantly compared with CC, particularly in WPPWPe rotation. The TR technology developed with one type of point was subsequently tested using between 4 and 6 other points in different soil types in order to establish their effectiveness in removing compaction and increasing yield. Results show that different depth of cut increased yield and grain weight in some points but not others. We also observed differences in tilth, draft force and seed placement between different points. The magnitude of these differences were influenced by soil type and seeding points used. However, TR does not seem to work in soils where the subsoil has poor water holding capacity and high salts. In conclusion, TR is a novel tillage regime, which has the potential of improving compacted subsoil and increase yield and economic return, and farmers can use their existing seeding points.
机译：在1978年至2002年期间的长期保护耕作，我们意识到南澳大利亚红棕色地球种植的野外用水效率差主要与特殊压实的底土问题相关，并且使用无需首先去除压实将需要15年以上才能令人满意地修复压实的泥土。 1997年，我们建立了一个现场实验，开发了新的耕作制度，以测试改变耕作深度的益处，以改善压实，并通过植物根部利用的土壤深度增加，提高产量和产量质量。该实验是完全随机的块设计，4个重复，包括三个旋转：连续谷物用小麦 - 大麦片 - 小麦（WBWWWW）;小麦豌豆牛油 - 小麦 - 豌豆（WPECAWPE）;小麦牧场 - 小麦 - 豌豆（WPPWPE）。每次旋转都有三个耕种制度：常规培养（CC） - 用175毫米宽的股份培养几次并播种;无耕作（NT） - 播种进入未采用15mm前缘点的未开发土壤;和耕作旋转（TR） - 直接钻到高达15cm的切割深度，但从年度到年度不同，以避免一致的均匀工作深度。 TR播种点：8毫米前缘，50毫米翼宽和40毫米机翼深度，每年12厘米和15厘米的切割深度。 TR系统只需要4年的时间来将这些深度的批量密度从1.9t / m {sup} 3降低到1.34t / m {sup} 3。由于这些降低，与NT和CC相比，TR产量和经济返回量增加。在实验的第6岁处测量的Subsoil的TR和NT硝酸盐N，导电性和硫含量，与CC相比显着增加，特别是在WPPWPE旋转中。随后在不同土壤类型中使用4至6个点之间进行用一种类型开发的TR技术，以确定其在除去压实和增加产量的效果。结果表明，不同深度的屈光度提高了一些点，但不是其他的粒度。我们还观察到不同点之间的初期，草稿和种子放置差异。这些差异的幅度受到土壤类型和使用的播种点的影响。然而，TR似乎并不在泥土持有能力和高盐的土壤中工作。总之，TR是一种新型耕种制度，具有改善压实的底土的潜力，增加产量和经济回报，而农民可以使用其现有的播种点。

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