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首页> 外文会议>AIAA SPACE conference exposition >Modular Growth NTR Space Transportation System for Future NASA Human Lunar, NEA and Mars Exploration Missions
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Modular Growth NTR Space Transportation System for Future NASA Human Lunar, NEA and Mars Exploration Missions

机译：用于未来NASA人类月球，NEA和火星勘探任务的模块化增长NTR空间运输系统

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The nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) is a proven, high thrust propulsion technology that has twice the specific impulse (I_(sp) ～900 s) of today's best chemical rockets. Daring the Rover and NERVA (Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Applications) programs, twenty racket reactors were designed, built and ground tested. These tests demonstrated: (ⅰ) a wide range of thrust; (2) high temperature carbide-based nuclear fuel; (3) sustained engine operation; (4) accumulated lifetime; and (S) restart capability - everything required for affordable human missions beyond LEO, In NASA's recent Mars Design Reference Architecture (DRA) 5.0 study, the NTR was selected as the preferred propulsion option because of its proven technology, higher performance, lower IMLEO, versatile vehicle design, and growth potential. Furthermore, the NTR requires no large technology scale-ups since the smallest engine tested during the Rover program - the 25 KIb_f "Pewee" engine is sufficient for human Mars missions When used in a clustered engine configuration. The "Copernicus" crewed Mars transfer vehicle developed for DRA 5.0 was an expendable design and steed for fast-conjunction, long surface stay Mars missions. It therefore has significant propellant capacity that enables reusable "1-year" round trip human near Earth asteroid (NEA) missions to candidate targets like 2000 SG344 and Apophls in 2028. Using a "split mission" approach, Copernicus and its two hey elements - a common propulsion stage and integrated "saddle truss" and LH_2 drop tank assembly - configured as an Earth Return Vehicle / propellant tanker, can support a short round trip (～18 month) / short orbital stay (60 days) Mars reconnaissance mission in the early 2030's before a landing is attempted. The same short stay orbital mission can be performed with an "all-up" vehicle by adding an "in-line" LH_2 tank to Copernicus to supply extra propellant needed for this higher energy, opposition-class mission. To transition to a reusable Mars architecture, Copernicus' saddle truss / drop tank assembly is replaced by an in-line tank and "star truss: assembly with paired modular drop tanks to further increase the vehicle's propellant capacity for this challenging application. Shorter "1-way" transits times to and from Mars is another possibility using this vehicle configuration but, as with reusability, increased launch mass is required. "Scaled down" versions of Copernicus - sized to a SLS lift capability of ～70t - 100t - can also be developed and deployed initially for reusable human NEA missions, as well as, for cargo delivery and crewed tending missions to the Moon. Mission scenario descriptions, key vehicle features and operational characteristics are provided along with a brief discussion of NASA's current activities and its "pre-decisional" plans for future NTR development.
机译：该核热火箭（NTR）是一个成熟的，高推力的推进技术，具有当今最好的化学火箭的比冲两次（I_（SP）〜900秒）。大胆的罗孚和NERVA（核引擎火箭飞行器的应用程序），二十球拍反应堆设计，建造和地面测试。这些测试表明：（ⅰ）一个宽范围的推力; （2）高温碳化物基核燃料; （3）持续的发动机运行; （4）累积的寿命;和（S）重启功能 - 超越LEO实惠的人类任务所需的一切，在美国航空航天局最近的火星设计参考架构（DRA）5.0的研究中，NTR被选为最佳动力选择，因为其成熟的技术，更高的性能，更低IMLEO，多功能车的设计和发展潜力。此外，NTR需要自流动站节目期间所测试的最小发动机没有大的技术规模起坐 - 25 KIb_f“Pewee”发动机足以用于人类火星任务当在群集引擎配置中使用。的“哥白尼”为DRA 5.0开发载人火星传递车辆是一个消耗设计和骏为快速结合，长表面逗留火星任务。因此它有显著推进剂能力，使可重复使用的“1年”往返人类近地小行星（NEA）特派团的候选目标像2000 SG344和Apophls在2028年使用“分裂使命”的方针，哥白尼和它的两个哎元素 - 共同推进阶段和整合“马鞍桁架”和LH_2副油箱总成 - 配置为地球返回载体/推进剂油轮，可以支持短往返（-18月）/短轨道停留（60天）的火星侦察任务的早期的2030是一个着陆之前尝试。同样的短暂停留轨道任务可以用“全达”的车辆通过添加“在线” LH_2坦克哥白尼提供所需要的这种更高的能量，反对级任务额外的推进剂来进行。为了过渡到可重复使用的火星架构，哥白尼鞍桁架/副油箱组件被替换为直列罐和“星桁架：组件与配对模块化副油箱以进一步增加了车辆的这种具有挑战性的应用推进剂容量较短” 1三通”过境次往返火星是使用这种车辆配置另一种可能性，但是，与可重用性，提高发射质量是必需的。‘缩小’哥白尼的版本 - 尺寸〜70吨的SLS提升能力 - 百吨 - 也开发和最初部署的可重复使用的人NEA任务，以及为货物配送和载人趋向月球飞行任务。任务场景描述，与美国航空航天局目前的活动和简要讨论一起提供关键的车辆特征和操作特性“预决策对未来发展NTR”计划。

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