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Reconciling Adapted Psychological Profiling with the New European Data Protection Legislation

机译:协调适应了新的欧洲数据保护立法的心理分析

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Adaptive Psychological Profiling systems use artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze a person's non-verbal behavior in order to determine a specific mental state such as deception. One such system known as, Silent Talker, combines image processing and artificial neural networks to classify multiple non-verbal signals mainly from the face during a verbal exchange i.e. interview, to produce an accurate and comprehensive time-based profile of a subject's psychological state. Artificial neural networks are typically black-box algorithms; hence, it is difficult to understand how the classification of a person's behaviour is obtained. The new European Data Protection Legislation (GDPR), states that individuals who are automatically profiled, have the right to an explanation of how the "machine" reached its decision and receive meaningful information on the logic involved in how that decision was reached. This is practically difficult from a technical perspective, whereas from a legal point of view, it remains unclear whether this is sufficient to safeguard the data subject's rights. This chapter is an extended version of a previous published paper in IJCCI 2019 [35] which examines the new European Data Protection Legislation and how it impacts on an application of psychological profiling within an Automated Deception Detection System (ADDS) which is one component of a smart border control system known as iBorderCtrl. ADDS detects deception through an avatar border guard interview, during a participants' pre-registration, to demonstrate the challenges faced in trying to obtain explainable decisions from models derived through computational intelligence techniques. The chapter concludes by examining the future of explainable decision making through proposing a new Hierarchy of Explainability and Empowerment that allows information and decision-making complexity to be explained at different levels depending on a person's abilities.
机译:自适应心理分析系统使用人工智能算法来分析一个人的非言语行为,以确定特定的精神状态,如欺骗。称为静音讲话者的一种这样的系统,将图像处理和人工神经网络组合以在口头交换期间主要从面部分类多个非语言信号,以产生对受试者的心理状态的准确和全面的基于时间的概况。人工神经网络通常是黑匣子算法;因此,难以理解如何获得人行为的分类。新的欧洲数据保护立法(GDPR)(GDPR)指出,自动分析的个人有权解释“机器”如何达成其决定,并接受关于何种决定所涉及的逻辑的有意义信息。这实际上是困难的技术视角,而从法律的角度来看,它仍然不清楚这是否足以保护数据主体的权利。本章是IJCCI 2019 [35]中以前发布论文的扩展版本,该纸张审查了新的欧洲数据保护立法以及它如何影响自动欺骗检测系统(ADDS)内的心理分析的应用,这是一个组成部分称为IborderCtrl的智能边界控制系统。在参与者的预先登记期间,通过化身边防保护采访来探测欺骗,以展示在通过计算智能技术获得的模型中获得可解释的决策时所面临的挑战。本章通过审查可解释的决策的未来通过提出允许信息和决策复杂性的新等级来审查可解释的决策,这取决于人的能力。

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