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A History of Relief Well Use and Current Practices in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

机译：美国军队工程兵团的救济良好使用和现行实践的历史

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An investigation into the practices regarding research of relief wells for pressure relief was conducted to ascertain the origins of the current state of practice within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Relief well research was reviewed, emphasizing the history of experimentation, usage, and the current state of practice within USACE. The devastating flood of the Mississippi River in 1927 lead to a change in the levee profile along the lower Mississippi. High water nine years later during the 1937 flood gave witness to dangerous seepage conditions and large sand boil activity behind the newly rebuilt levee sections and demonstrated the need for a comprehensive underseepage research program for its control. Early research methods included physical models, well tank, field experiments, and electrical analogy studies. Starting in 1940, filter criteria and well screen compatibility were assessed based on Terzaghi's recommendations, and results from field and well tank experiments aligned well with this theory. Based on the conditions witnessed during the 1937 flood, field experimentation were conducted to assess the limitations and advantages of different well configurations. A case history from an emergency condition at Fort Peck Dam in 1942 showed that relief wells could be installed in emergency situations and were capable of providing immediate pressure relief. Responses from a 2016 survey of the USACE districts that have large inventories of installed relief wells further defined the current state of practice within USACE. A better understanding of where relief well research has been and what challenges face the levee or dam engineer will better focus future investigations into improving this widely used seepage remediation method.
机译：进行了对救济井的研究实践的调查，以确定美国工程兵团（USACE）中当前实践状态的起源。审查了救济井研究，强调了USACE中实验，使用情况和当前实践状态的历史。 Misissippi River 1927年的毁灭性洪水导致沿着小密西西比的堤防简介发生变化。 1937年洪水九年后九年后，洪水的证人向新重建的堤坝部分背后有危险的渗流条件和大型沙子煮物活动，并表明了对其控制的综合衰退研究计划的需求。早期的研究方法包括物理模型，罐，现场实验和电气类比研究。从1940年开始，基于Terzaghi的建议评估过滤标准和良好的屏幕兼容性，域和井油箱实验的结果与该理论保持良好。基于1937年洪水期间见证的条件，进行了现场实验，以评估不同井配置的局限性和优点。 1942年在佩克堡大坝堡垒紧急情况的案例历史表明，浮雕井可以安装在紧急情况下，并且能够立即提供立即减压。 2016年2016年对已安装救济井的大量库存的调查的答复进一步确定了USACE内当前的实践状态。更好地了解救济度研究的位置以及堤坝或大坝工程师的挑战将更好地关注未来的调查，从而改善这种广泛使用的渗流修复方法。

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