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Geotechnical Consequences and Failures in Puerto Rico Due to Hurricane Maria

机译：由于飓风玛丽亚，波多黎各的岩土后果与失败

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At landfall in Yabucoa, Puerto Rico, on September 20, 2017, the National Hurricane Center classified Hurricane Maria as a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. This paper summarizes the geotechnical impacts and consequences from Maria, documented by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) team sent to the island in its aftermath. The intense rainfall and strong winds associated with Maria directly or indirectly resulted in over 3,000 fatalities, severe infrastructure loss, over 40,000 landslides, and considerable coastal erosion in Puerto Rico. Hurricane Irma preceded Hurricane Maria by two weeks and this paper addresses the importance of antecedent rainfall and geomorphology on the magnitude of damage. Geotechnical impacts described in the paper include coastal erosion events, bridge abutment scour, the impact of debris flows on the island's highway system, and foundation failures. The geotechnical failures presented in our article provide insight on the likely modes of failure when major hurricanes affect slopes that have been pre-soaked and are thus especially vulnerable to geotechnical failures. Since global warming will likely increase the intensity and frequency of extreme events like Hurricane Maria, understanding the impacts and aftermath of Maria in Puerto Rico should assist the engineering community in addressing geotechnical vulnerabilities, as well as improve design and construction practices, to improve resiliency.
机译：在2017年9月20日，波多黎各的亚布杜瓦岛的登陆，国家飓风中心将飓风玛丽亚分类为萨弗·辛普森飓风风量大的强大4类飓风。本文总结了玛丽亚的岩土作用和后果，由岩土专业的极端事件侦察（Geer）队在其余的岛屿上派往岛屿。与玛丽亚联系的强烈降雨量和强风直接或间接导致3,000多个死亡，严重的基础设施损失，超过40,000多个山体滑坡，波多黎各沿海侵蚀。飓风IRMA之前的飓风玛丽亚左右两周，本文涉及前一种降雨和地貌对损坏程度的重要性。本文中描述的岩土侵蚀事件包括沿海侵蚀事件，桥梁桥面冲刷，碎片流动在岛屿的公路系统上的影响以及基础故障。当主要飓风影响已预先浸泡的斜坡时，我们文章中提出的岩土工程提供了对可能的失败模式的洞察力，因此尤其容易受到岩土失败的影响。由于全球变暖可能会增加玛丽亚飓风等极端事件的强度和频率，了解玛丽亚在波多黎各的影响和后果应协助工程界解决岩土工程漏洞，以及改善设计和建设实践，以提高弹性。

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