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首页> 外文会议>National Seminar on "Application of Chemical Engineering for Utilisation of Natural Resources (CHEMINAR-2001)", Feb 16-18, 2001, Bhubaneswar >A Case Study of Utilisation of Domestic Fuels as Source of Energy in Sandur Area, Karnataka
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A Case Study of Utilisation of Domestic Fuels as Source of Energy in Sandur Area, Karnataka

机译：卡纳塔克邦桑杜尔地区利用家用燃料作为能源的案例研究

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The object of this paper is to create an awareness to use domestic fuels in proper way, to conserve forest area and to grow social forests. Mining activities of both iron and manganese ores are going on. People are mainly depending on fire wood as a source of domestic fuel. To meet our demands of the people and to minimise pressure on forest, it has become necessary to improve social forestry in public waste and private land. This will help to get firewood and fodder in decentralised manner. Forest has to be stopped completely, otherwise this will affect growing seedlings and small plants and grass has to be protected. Soil erosion must be controlled. Waste land must be reclaimed after mining activities. Waste dumps in the mining area must be sealed by growing grass, shrubs and trees. Air water and soil pollution must be controlled. Ecosystem has to be taken care. It is necessary to develop Agro-forestry rather than agriculture and forestry separately for firewood and fodder. Deforestation is caused due to need of domestic fuel, timber, livestock fodder, over grazing of natural grass lands, indiscriminate cultivation on steep slopes contributed to general ecological decline observed in this area. Detailed study of various aspects are discussed in the text. Conservation of the forest area is achieved by increasing social forestry, agro-forestry and agropastoral cultivation to meet out demand for firewood and fodder. It is possible to provide employment opportunities to rural people and encourage self-reliance at the community level. This will help to conserve soil and water. Socio-economic system will improve. Reforestation work has to be given top priority. Energy consumption of this area as domestic fuel was studied by survey. The results are computed as follows, 67% firewood, 9% commercial fuel (LPG and kerosene), 2% charcoal, 3% electricity, 4% animal waste (including gobar gas plant), 15% agriculture wastes. There is a large gap between demand and supply of fire wood. As a result of this forest is under pressure in this area. It is necessary to minimise pressure on non-renewable sources. Suggestions are made to increase renewable sources. The following were some of the programs suggested for increasing the awareness. They are demonstration, audio-visual training for administrators, publishing and pamphlets in local language, programs for school children and youths and conducting conferences and seminars. The purpose of this paper will be achieved by considering various programs to reach the goal.
机译：本文的目的是唤起人们对以适当方式使用家用燃料，保护森林面积和发展社会森林的认识。铁矿石和锰矿石的开采活动正在进行中。人们主要依靠柴火作为家庭燃料的来源。为了满足我们人民的需求并最大程度地减少对森林的压力，有必要改善公共废物和私有土地中的社会林业。这将有助于以分散的方式获取木柴和饲料。必须完全停止森林，否则会影响幼苗生长，必须保护小植物和草。必须控制水土流失。采矿活动结束后必须开垦荒地。必须通过种草，灌木和树木来封闭矿区的垃圾场。必须控制空气中的水和土壤污染。生态系统必须小心。有必要发展农林业，而不是分别发展木柴和饲料的农林业。砍伐森林是由于需要家用燃料，木材，牲畜饲料，过度放牧天然草地，在陡峭的山坡上滥砍滥伐造成了该地区普遍的生态衰退。本文讨论了各个方面的详细研究。通过增加社会林业，农林业和农牧业种植以满足对木柴和饲料的需求，可以实现森林面积的保护。有可能为农村人民提供就业机会，并在社区一级鼓励自力更生。这将有助于保护土壤和水。社会经济体系将得到改善。造林工作必须放在首位。通过调查研究了该地区作为家庭燃料的能源消耗。计算结果如下：67％的木柴，9％的​​商业燃料（液化石油气和煤油），2％的木炭，3％的电力，4％的动物废物（包括煤气厂），15％的农业废物。柴火的供需之间有很大的差距。结果，这片森林在该地区面临压力。有必要将对不可再生能源的压力降至最低。建议增加可再生资源。以下是为提高认识而建议的一些程序。它们是示范性的，用于管理人员的视听培训，以当地语言出版和发行的小册子，面向中小学生和青年的计划以及举办会议和研讨会。本文的目的将通过考虑各种实现目标的程序来实现。

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