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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effective Scientific Communication Related to Recent Environmental Protection Challenges and Activities in the Military Sector; 20030422-26; Bratislava(SK) >Environmental Technologies Research and Deployments at Los Alamos National Laboratory
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Environmental Technologies Research and Deployments at Los Alamos National Laboratory

机译：洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的环境技术研究与部署

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In the summer of 1942, the United States was fully engaged in the prospect of a long war. A group of theorists, under the direction of J. Robert Oppenheimer, met at Berkeley during that summer to develop preliminary plans for designing and building a nuclear weapon. In early October 1942, General. Leslie Groves, commander of the Manhattan District of the Corps of Engineers, learned from scientists in the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) that they needed a new laboratory to concentrate their scattered theoretical and experimental efforts to design a nuclear weapon. Groves had security concerns and believed a remote site was required, which had a climate permitting year-round construction, provided safety from enemy attack, met specific transportation requirements along with access to adequate power, water, and fuel. The site would also have to provide an adequate testing ground and, for reasons of safety and security, need to be in a sparsely populated area. Oppenheimer proposed Los Alamos, New Mexico, whose primary occupants were the students and staff of the Los Alamos Ranch School, a residential boys' school. The school had a number of buildings suitable for housing scientists, and beautiful views from the mesa top to the east and of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Access to the mesa could easily be controlled by shutting the main entry road, and the road could be widened to accommodate trucks and heavy machinery. Canyons surrounding the site could be used for explosives tests. After World War Ⅱ, the Atomic Energy Commission, predecessor to today's United States Department of Energy (DOE), and the University of California operated the laboratory to fulfill the nation's nuclear weapons mission. This mission came at price to the environment. The vast network of weapons facilities owned by DOE, located on thousands of square miles of Federal reservations in 13 States, has produced widespread contamination of the environment with toxic chemicals and radionuclides.
机译：1942年夏天，美国充分参与了长期战争的前景。一群理论家在罗伯特·奥本海默（Robert Oppenheimer）的指导下，于那个夏天在伯克利会面，以制定设计和制造核武器的初步计划。 1942年10月上旬，将军。工程师团曼哈顿区司令莱斯利·格罗夫斯（Leslie Groves）从科学研究与发展办公室（OSRD）的科学家那里获悉，他们需要一个新的实验室来集中精力进行分散的理论和实验工作，以设计核武器。格罗夫斯有安全方面的担忧，并认为需要一个偏远的地点，该地点的气候可以全年进行建设，可以保护敌人免受攻击，满足特定的运输要求，并可以使用充足的电力，水和燃料。该站点还必须提供足够的测试场地，并且出于安全和保障的考虑，必须在人口稀少的地区。奥本海默（Oppenheimer）提议在新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯（Los Alamos）居住，该校的主要参与者是一所寄宿男校洛斯阿拉莫斯牧场学校的学生和教职工。这所学校拥有许多适合科学家居住的建筑物，从东部的台面山顶到Sangre de Cristo山的美景尽收眼底。可以通过关闭主要入口道路轻松控制台面的进入，并且可以加宽道路以容纳卡车和重型机械。该地点周围的峡谷可用于爆炸物测试。第二次世界大战后，今天的美国能源部（DOE）的前身原子能委员会和加利福尼亚大学运营着该实验室，以完成美国的核武器任务。这项任务是对环境的牺牲。能源部拥有的庞大的武器设施网络位于13个州的数千平方英里的联邦保留区中，已导致有毒化学物质和放射性核素对环境造成广泛污染。

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