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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Monitoring and Man-Made Radionuclides and Heavy Metals Waste in Environment Oct 3-6, 2000, Dubna, Russia >THE USE OF LICHENS AND MOSSES TO MONITOR TRACE ELEMENT POLLUTION IN SLOVENIA
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THE USE OF LICHENS AND MOSSES TO MONITOR TRACE ELEMENT POLLUTION IN SLOVENIA

机译：斯洛文尼亚使用里森和苔藓监测微量元素污染

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One way to determine the levels of trace elements in the atmosphere is the use of suitable biomonitors such as lichens and mosses. These organisms, although neither evolutionarily nor taxonomically related, have some common characteristics, which enable them to be used as monitors for atmospheric pollution. Both have a high accumulation ability for dissolved substances based mainly on their ion-exchange properties and the fact that they have no protective organs such as a cuticle or waxy surface. They also lack roots and are thus strongly dependent for their mineral nutrients on material deposited through wet and dry deposition on the plant surface. However, the influence of the substrate on which these organisms grow, as a source of elements, could not be neglected. Furthermore, since lichens and mosses have a high surface to mass ratio they are highly effective as filters for airborne particulates with their attached atmospheric pollutants such as trace elements and radionuclides, as well as for soil or rock dust particles carried by the wind. Numerous national and international studies have been performed using one of these organisms to monitor trace element deposition. Two national surveys using biomonitors to monitor atmospheric trace element and radionuclide deposition have been performed in Slovenia. Namely in 1992, the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes was collected at 86 sampling points of the regular bioindication grid and in 1995 moss samples (Pleurozium schreberi and Hypnum cupressiforme) were sampled at 33 selected locations of the same bioindication grid as a part of the international project known as Atmopheric Heavy Metal Deposition in Europe. The main aim of this contribution is to find out if the two surveys using different types of biomonitoring organisms (epiphytic lichens and terrestrial mosses) give similar estimates of the status of the environment. For these comparison only those results which were obtained from the same sampling locations were evaluated. Our experience in using multielement instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), so-called k_0-INAA, is also discussed.
机译：确定大气中微量元素含量的一种方法是使用合适的生物监测器，例如地衣和苔藓。这些生物尽管在进化上和分类学上均不相关，但它们具有一些共同的特征，使其可以用作大气污染的监测器。两者均基于其离子交换特性以及它们没有诸如角质层或蜡状表面的保护性器官这一事实而具有对溶解物质的高累积能力。它们还缺乏根，因此强烈依赖于它们通过湿法和干法沉积在植物表面上沉积的物质上的矿物质营养。但是，不能忽略这些生物在其上生长的基质作为元素来源的影响。此外，由于地衣和苔藓具有高的表面质量比，它们非常有效地用作空气污染物和其附着的大气污染物（例如微量元素和放射性核素）以及风携带的土壤或岩石尘埃颗粒的过滤器。使用这些生物中的一种来进行微量元素沉积的监测已经进行了许多国家和国际研究。斯洛文尼亚进行了两次使用生物监测仪监测大气中微量元素和放射性核素沉积的国家调查。即，在1992年，在常规生物指示网格的86个采样点收集了附生的地衣性低潮性植物，1995年，在同一生物指示网格的33个选定位置采样了苔藓样本（白灵菇和Hypnum cupressiforme）作为国际项目的一部分。在欧洲被称为大气重金属沉积。该贡献的主要目的是找出使用不同类型的生物监测生物（附生地衣和陆地藓类植物）进行的两次调查是否对环境状况做出了类似的估计。对于这些比较，仅评估从相同采样位置获得的那些结果。还讨论了我们在使用所谓的k_0-INAA多元素仪器中子活化分析（INAA）方面的经验。

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