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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Science for Reduction of Risk and Sustainable Development of Society Jun 15-16, 2002 Budapest, Hungary >SCIENCE AND RISK: SCIENTIFIC AUTHORITY AT RISK
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SCIENCE AND RISK: SCIENTIFIC AUTHORITY AT RISK

机译：科学与风险：风险中的科学权威

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摘要

Fear is a useful instinct, which warns about potential dangers. As regards scientific developments, these dangers are not imaginary but have already been largely confirmed by history. Through a combination of self-restraint and political regulation, humankind has till now lived with them. No nuclear bomb has been exploded in anger since 1945, even though Chernobyl and the management of nuclear wastes cannot be dismissed as small problems. In the new world, however, such analogies may not hold. After the successive reigns of chemistry and physics in the past century, the dominant scientific fields are now biology and computer sciences. In both, a market logic is at work, while technologies depend on nothing more than the manipulation of weightless information. In these circumstances, control mechanisms that have worked in the past may no longer be effective. According to Beck, "what people fear the reality of is real in its consequences". While in the previous period, the development of science remained largely unquestioned and scientists took their autonomy for granted as their due, they are now under increasing scrutiny. Whatever future continuities and ruptures there may be in the social construction of risk, this evolution seems largely irreversible, since a society which would deprive itself of socially accepted instances of assessment of knowledge would be seriously endangered. Even though there is no general agreement on underlying principles, new rules and institutions are badly required, to regulate scientific practice and expertise socially and to render reasonably safe further developments of science. In this process, scientists have a determinant role to play, both to maintain the ethics of science and to ensure that structures encompassing the global reality of risks will prevent rather than reinforce the arbitrary. The future of our societies requires not only that politics integrates the cognitive dimension, but also that science integrates the democratic dimension, since democracy is not just a social philosophy or an ethical position but is - and will increasingly have to be - an ally of intelligence.
机译：恐惧是一种有用的本能，它会警告潜在的危险。关于科学发展，这些危险不是想象中的，而是已经由历史很大程度上证实了。通过自我约束和政治调节相结合，人类至今与他们同住。自1945年以来，就没有激怒的核弹爆炸过，即使切尔诺贝利和核废料的管理不能作为小问题而忽略。但是，在新世界中，这种类比可能不成立。在过去一个世纪中化学和物理学接连统治之后，现在的主要科学领域是生物学和计算机科学。在这两种情况下，市场逻辑都在起作用，而技术仅依赖于对失重信息的操纵。在这种情况下，过去起作用的控制机制可能不再有效。贝克说，“人们担心现实的后果是真实的”。虽然在上一时期，科学的发展在很大程度上没有受到质疑，科学家们将自主性视为理所当然，但是现在，他们受到了越来越多的审查。无论风险的社会建构在未来可能发生什么连续性和破裂，这种演变在很大程度上似乎都是不可逆的，因为一个将丧失社会公认的知识评估实例的社会将受到严重威胁。即使没有就基本原则达成共识，但仍迫切需要新的规则和制度，以在社会上规范科学实践和专业知识，并合理地保证科学的进一步发展。在这一过程中，科学家扮演着决定性的角色，既要维护科学伦理，又要确保涵盖全球风险现实的结构将防止而不是加强任意性。我们社会的未来不仅需要政治整合认知层面，还需要科学整合民主层面，因为民主不仅是一种社会哲学或道德立场，而且是-并且将越来越必须-是一个智力同盟。

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