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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Study Institute on Polymer Based Systems on Tissue Engineering, Replacement and Regeneration Oct 15-25, 2001 Alvor, Algarve, Portugal >TISSUE-ENGINEERED VASCULAR GRAFTS FOR SMALL-DIAMETER ARTERIAL REPLACEMENT
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TISSUE-ENGINEERED VASCULAR GRAFTS FOR SMALL-DIAMETER ARTERIAL REPLACEMENT

机译：组织工程化血管移植用于小直径动脉置换

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摘要

The human blood circulation is a closed system of conduits that carries blood from the heart to all tissues, and from these tissues back to the heart. In this system, the aorta and other, smaller arteries distribute blood from the heart to the various parts of the body. A normal artery has a tube-like structure comprising of three distinctive layers: the intima, the media and the adventitia (figure 1). The intima the inner layer of the artery that is in contact with blood, consists of a monolayer of endothelial cells supported by an underlying connective tissue membrane. The media comprises of e.g. collagens and elastin, with a dense population of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that are oriented perpendicular to the blood flow. The adventitia, the ou er layer of the artery, is a collagenous matrix containing fibroblasts, small blood vessels and nerves. Normal vascular endothelium maintains a delicate balance in the vascular system, between growth promotion and inhibition of the underlying SMCs and fibroblasts, vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, blood cell adherence, and anticoagulation and procoagulation. In this process, endothelial cells actively secrete various factors affecting platelet adhesion and aggregation (prostacyclin, PGI_2), blood coagulation (von Willebrand factor, vWF) and fibrinolysis (tissue plasminogen activator, tPA, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI). Contraction and relaxation of the SMCs in the adventitia regulates blood flow, whereas the fibroblasts in the adventitia add to the rigidity and shape of a blood vessel.
机译：人体血液循环是一个封闭的管道系统，将血液从心脏输送到所有组织，再从这些组织输送回心脏。在该系统中，主动脉和其他较小的动脉将血液从心脏分配到身体的各个部位。正常动脉的管状结构由三个不同的层组成：内膜，中层和外膜（图1）。内膜与血液接触的内层由内皮细胞的单层组成，内皮细胞由下面的结缔组织膜支撑。媒体包括例如胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白，以及大量密集的平滑肌细胞（SMC），它们垂直于血流定向。外膜是动脉的上层，是含有成纤维细胞，小血管和神经的胶原基质。正常的血管内皮在促进和抑制潜在的SMC和成纤维细胞，血管收缩和血管舒张，血细胞粘附以及抗凝和促凝之间，在血管系统中保持微妙的平衡。在此过程中，内皮细胞会主动分泌各种影响血小板粘附和聚集的因子（前列环素，PGI_2），凝血（von Willebrand因子，vWF）和纤维蛋白溶解（组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物，tPA和组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物抑制剂，PAI）。外膜中SMC的收缩和松弛调节血流，而外膜中的成纤维细胞增加血管的刚度和形状。

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