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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Study Institute on Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges; 20040724-31; Corte(FR) >ON THE MODELING OF SPRITES AND SPRITE-PRODUCING CLOUDS IN THE GLOBAL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
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ON THE MODELING OF SPRITES AND SPRITE-PRODUCING CLOUDS IN THE GLOBAL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

机译：全球电路中的奖杯和奖杯云建模

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摘要

Quasi-stationary and fast transient processes connected with powerful lightning discharges and large-scale thunderstorm systems are analyzed. The main physical ideas serving as the foundation for sprite and sprite-producing cloud modeling are discussed with simple examples. Special attention is paid to the adequate description of the field sources and appropriate set of boundary conditions. The features of electron heating and ionization in the middle atmosphere are briefly discussed. The importance of the global circuit for the modeling of sprites and sprite-producing clouds is recognized. Along with the setting of boundary conditions, its role is connected with the importance of large thunderstorm complexes, including mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). It was shown recently that MCS stratiform regions make an especially large current contribution to the global circuit, serving either as an effective generator or as a discharger of the circuit depending on the polarity, magnitude and thickness of the MCS layers. On the other hand, stratiform regions of MCS are characterized by an enhanced rate of positive flashes, which are known to correlate with sprites. In the case of MCS the big narrow layers, generated near the 0℃ isotherm serve as the source of electric charges for positive CG flashes. We suggest a model of a positive charge layer near the 0℃ isotherm, based on the hypothesis that the melting-charging mechanism plays a principal role in the formation of the layer. We illustrate how microphysical considerations result in electric currents for the use in modeling of the global circuit and discharge processes. Further we address two aspects of the global electric circuit conception, particularly important from the viewpoint of sprites and sprite-producing cloud research. First is a classical aspect of the global circuit as the quasi-stationary current contour supported by the operation of thunderstorm generators over the globe. Another aspect is connected to the energy deposition and dissipation into the circuit, treated as an open dissipative system. Simple energetic estimates of sprite occurrence are presented. Nonlinear aspects of modeling throughout the chapter are emphasized.
机译：分析了与强雷电放电和大规模雷暴系统有关的准平稳和快速瞬变过程。通过简单的示例讨论了作为子图形和子图形生成云建模基础的主要物理思想。要特别注意对场源的适当描述和适当的边界条件集。简要讨论了中层大气中电子的加热和电离的特征。人们已经认识到全局电路对子图形和子图形生成云的建模的重要性。随着边界条件的设定，其作用与大型雷暴复合体（包括中尺度对流系统（MCS））的重要性有关。最近显示，MCS层状区域对整体电路贡献了特别大的电流，根据MCS层的极性，大小和厚度，其可作为电路的有效发生器或放电器。另一方面，MCS的层状区域的特征是正闪速的增加，已知其与子画面相关。对于MCS，在0℃等温线附近产生的大的窄层是CG正向闪光的电荷源。基于以下假设，我们建议建立一个在等温线0℃附近的正电荷层模型：熔融充电机制在该层的形成中起主要作用。我们说明了微观物理因素如何导致电流用于全局电路和放电过程的建模。进一步地，我们解决了全局电路概念的两个方面，从子画面和产生子画面的云研究的角度来看，这尤其重要。首先是全球电路的一个经典方面，它是由雷暴发生器在全球范围内运行所支持的准静态电流轮廓。另一方面涉及到能量的沉积和向电路中的耗散，被视为开放的耗散系统。给出了精灵发生的简单能量估计。在本章中，强调了建模的非线性方面。

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