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Advanced ultrasonic measurement methodology for non-invasive interrogation and identification of fluids in sealed containers

机译：先进的超声测量方法，用于无创询问和识别密封容器中的流体

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摘要

Government agencies and homeland security related organizations have identified the need to develop and establish a wide range of unprecedented capabilities for providing scientific and technical forensic services to investigations involving hazardous chemical, biological, and radiological materials, including extremely dangerous chemical and biological warfare agents. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a prototype portable, handheld, hazardous materials acoustic inspection prototype that provides noninvasive container interrogation and material identification capabilities using nondestructive ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements. Due to the wide variety of fluids as well as container sizes and materials encountered in various law enforcement inspection activities, the need for high measurement sensitivity and advanced ultrasonic measurement techniques were identified. The prototype was developed using a versatile electronics platform, advanced ultrasonic wave propagation methods, and advanced signal processing techniques. This paper primarily focuses on the ultrasonic measurement methods and signal processing techniques incorporated into the prototype. High bandwidth ultrasonic transducers combined with an advanced pulse compression technique allowed researchers to 1) obtain high signal-to-noise ratios and 2) obtain accurate and consistent time-of-flight (TOF) measurements through a variety of highly attenuative containers and fluid media. Results of work conducted in the laboratory have demonstrated that the prototype experimental measurement technique also provided information regarding container properties, which will be utilized in future container-independent measurements of hidden liquids.
机译：政府机构和与国土安全有关的组织已经确定需要开发和建立广泛的空前能力，以便为涉及危险化学，生物和放射材料（包括极其危险的化学和生物战剂）的调查提供科学和技术的法证服务。西北太平洋国家实验室（PNNL）已开发出便携式，手持式，危险材料声学检查原型，该原型可使用无损超声波速度和衰减测量提供无创容器询问和材料识别功能。由于在各种执法检查活动中遇到的流体种类繁多，容器尺寸和材料多种多样，因此确定了对高测量灵敏度和先进的超声测量技术的需求。该原型是使用通用的电子平台，先进的超声波传播方法和先进的信号处理技术开发的。本文主要关注原型中包含的超声测量方法和信号处理技术。高带宽超声换能器与先进的脉冲压缩技术相结合，使研究人员能够1）获得高信噪比，2）通过各种高度衰减的容器和流体介质获得准确且一致的飞行时间（TOF）测量。在实验室进行的工作结果表明，原型实验测量技术还提供了有关容器特性的信息，这些信息将用于将来与容器无关的隐藏液体测量中。

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