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首页> 外文会议>Pipeline Division Specialty Conference; 20050821-24; Houston,TX(US) >Investigation of Flood Induced Pipeline Failures on Lower San Jacinto River
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Investigation of Flood Induced Pipeline Failures on Lower San Jacinto River

机译：圣哈辛托河下游洪水诱发的管道故障调查

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Rainfall from October 15-19, 1994 produced a flood of major proportions on the San Jacinto River in Harris County, Texas. On the morning of October 20, the surface of the river from the I-10 Bridge over the San Jacinto River to the Rio Villa subdivision just north of Wallisville road suddenly burst into flames. West of the subdivision on the south side of the San Jacinto River, at a distance of a few hundred feet, was a corridor of four pipelines running parallel to the river (a 20″ O. D. (508 mm) crude oil, a 36″O. D. (914mm) diesel pipeline, a 40″ O. D. (1016 mm) gasoline pipeline, and 123/4″ O. D. (324 mm) natural gas pipeline). These pipelines were one by one succumbing to the forces of the floodwaters. First the crude oil pipeline broke and began spreading its contents on the waters. At 8:30 am the gasoline pipeline failed, releasing its contents on the water with the crude oil. When this volatile product reached an ignition source, the surface of the river erupted in flames. At 3:20 pm the diesel pipeline likewise failed, and the fire ignited its contents. At 3:45 pm the natural gas pipeline failed and its contents were ignited by the fire. A U.S. Geological Survey report, in January 1995 reported a record flow in the San Jacinto River just above the study area of the pipeline failures as having a measured current velocity of 15+ feet per second (fps) (4.6 meters per second, mps) on October 19, 1994. Three days after the breaks, measurements taken by divers recorded velocities of 12 fps (3.7 mps) at the location of the pipeline crossings of the San Jacinto River. A detailed forensic investigation was conducted to determine the cause of the failures. It was assumed that oscillations and hydrodynamic loads were imposed on the pipelines by the varying current velocities and combined with the unsupported span lengths caused stresses that resulted in a fatigue failure of each pipeline. Computations and analyses were made for steel pipe with the characteristics of; 1) a 36 in. O.D. x 0.375 in.(914 mm x 9.5 mm) W.T., Grade API 5L X 46 pipe filled with petroleum products having a specific gravity of 0.8438, and 2) a 40 in. O.D. x 0.344 in (1016 mm x 8.7 mm) W.T., Grade API 5L X 60 pipe filled with petroleum products having a specific gravity of 0.7301. These two pipelines were then each analyzed for unsupported span lengths varying from 100 feet to 400 feet (30.5 m to 121.9 m) under current velocities varying from 5 feet per second (fps) to 17.5 fps (1.5 to 5.3 mps). Actual length of the failed segment for each pipeline size was derived from survey data. Analysis of the computations of loads imposed upon the pipelines by the estimated current velocities, concurrent exposure of critical span lengths, the frequency of the loading and unloading, and the duration of these loadings indicate that failure of each pipeline was due to the fatigue of the metal caused by vortex shedding (flutter) of the current flowing over a round (pipeline) body. These results compared favorably with measurements of the failed pipelines by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).
机译：1994年10月15日至19日的降雨在得克萨斯州哈里斯县的圣哈辛托河上造成了大量洪水。 10月20日上午，从San Jacinto河上的I-10桥到Wallisville公路以北的Rio Villa分区的河面突然起火。在圣哈辛托河南侧的细分区域以西，相距几百英尺，是一条由四根平行于该河的管线组成的走廊（20英寸（OD）（508毫米）原油，36英寸（OD） （914毫米）柴油管道，40英寸外径（1016毫米）汽油管道和123/4英寸外径（324毫米）天然气管道）。这些管道是一一屈服于洪水的力量。首先，原油管道破裂，并开始将其内容物散布在水域上。上午8:30，汽油管道发生故障，与原油一起释放到水里。当这种挥发性产品到达火源时，河面爆发出火焰。下午3时20分，柴油管道同样发生故障，大火点燃了管道内的物品。下午3:45，天然气管道发生故障，其内容物被大火点燃。美国地质调查局在1995年1月的一份报告中报道，在管道故障研究区域正上方的圣哈辛托河记录流量，其测得的当前速度为每秒15英尺以上（fps）（每秒4.6米，每秒mps） 1994年10月19日。休息后三天，潜水员进行的测量记录了圣哈辛托河过河处的速度为12 fps（3.7 mps）。进行了详细的法医调查以确定失败的原因。假定通过变化的电流速度在管道上施加了振动和流体动力载荷，并且与不受支持的跨度长度相结合，导致应力，从而导致每个管道疲劳失效。对具有以下特点的钢管进行了计算和分析： 1）外径为36英寸x 0.375英寸（914毫米x 9.5毫米）W.T.，API 5L X 46级管道，装有比重为0.8438的石油产品，以及2）40英寸外径。 x 0.344英寸（1016毫米x 8.7毫米）W.T.，API 5L X 60级管道，装有比重为0.7301的石油产品。然后，在当前速度从每秒5英尺（fps）到17.5 fps（1.5至5.3 mps）变化的情况下，分别分析这两条管道的100英尺至400英尺（30.5 m至121.9 m）的无支撑跨度。每个管道尺寸的故障段的实际长度是从调查数据得出的。通过估算的当前速度，临界跨距长度的并发暴露，加载和卸载的频率以及这些加载的持续时间对管道施加的载荷的计算分析表明，每条管道的故障是由于管道疲劳引起的。流过圆形（管道）的电流涡流脱落（颤动）引起的金属。这些结果与国家运输安全委员会（NTSB）对失效管道的测量结果相比具有优势。

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