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Numerical Modeling of Permanent Ground Deformation Hazard to a Natural Gas Pipeline In California

机译:加利福尼亚天然气管道永久性地面变形危害的数值模拟

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An extensive Permanent Ground Deformation (PGD) study was conducted on a proposed natural gas pipeline to be located north of Sacramento, in Colusa and Butte Counties, California. The majority of the 30-inch (76.2-cm) diameter and 25 mile long buried steel pipe will be cut and cover construction; however several portions of the pipeline will be installed by horizontal directional drilling methods (HDD). The natural gas pipeline will traverse areas of two potential PGD hazards: faulting deformation and lateral spreading. The pipeline crosses the Willows fault, and an HDD portion of the pipeline will underlie the Sacramento River where a potential lateral spreading hazard exists. A detailed analysis was carried out to evaluate the magnitude of PGD and potential impacts to the pipeline associated with each of these potential PGD hazard sources. This paper addresses PDG associated with faulting. Two and three-dimensional numerical modeling of fault deformation using the finite difference computer program FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) are presented and discussed. FLAC was used to simulate the fault rupture mechanism considering a 3.3-foot (1-meter) reverse and 1.8-foot (0.55-meter) strike slip displacement across the fault at approximately 1600 feet (488-meter) below the ground surface. The model captured the resulting ground surface deformation patterns. The 3D FLAC results were used in detailed stress-strain evaluations of the pipeline response using another commercially available finite element computer program, ANSYS. Results compared favorably to the allowable limit states that have been established in the American Lifelines Alliance Guidelines for the Design of Buried Steel Pipe.
机译:对拟建的天然气管道进行了广泛的永久地面变形(PGD)研究,该天然气管道位于加利福尼亚州Colusa和Butte县的萨克拉曼多北部。直径为30英寸(76.2厘米)和25英里长的埋地钢管中的大部分将被切割并覆盖施工;但是,管道的几部分将通过水平定向钻井方法(HDD)安装。天然气管道将穿越两个潜在的PGD危险区域:断层变形和横向扩展。管道穿过Willows断层,管道的HDD部分将在萨克拉曼多河下面,那里存在潜在的横向扩散危险。进行了详细的分析,以评估PGD的大小以及与这些潜在PGD危险源相关的对管道的潜在影响。本文针对与故障相关的PDG。提出并讨论了使用有限差分计算机程序FLAC(连续拉格朗日快速分析)对断层变形进行二维和三维建模的方法。 FLAC用于模拟断层破裂机制,考虑了在地面以下约1600英尺(488米)处,整个断层处的反向作用力为3.3英尺(1米)和1.8英尺(0.55米)的走滑位移。该模型捕获了所得的地面变形模式。使用另一种商用有限元计算机程序ANSYS,将3D FLAC结果用于管道响应的详细应力应变评估。与美国《生命线联盟埋地钢管设计指南》中确定的允许极限状态相比,结果令人满意。

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