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首页> 外文会议>A policy dialogue on rice futures: rice-based farming systems research in the Mekong region >Market-focused integrated crop and livestock enterprises for north-western Cambodia
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Market-focused integrated crop and livestock enterprises for north-western Cambodia

机译：以市场为中心的柬埔寨西北部农作物和畜牧业综合企业

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This project is evaluating crop-cattle integration options in north-western Cambodia. The region is predominantly upland, where land clearing for cropping expanded rapidly after the end of the civil war in 1998. The area under crops is now about 220,000 hectares (ha), producing US$190 million worth of crop production per year. Fewer than 20% of households keep cattle and the gross value of cattle sold is only about US$2.5 million/year. This is despite a huge local resource of crop by-products, residues and concentrate feeds. The project's crop research aims to preserve crop residues, minimise soil disturbance and encourage diversification. The traditional cropping system makes inefficient use of available water, especially if the land is ploughed between crops. The project is seeing results where small-scale farmers with brush-cutters, knapsack sprayers and hand-planting are adopting no-tillage farming because it is quicker, easier and cheaper than cultivation. The project is investigating the socioeconomic and technical reasons why, despite their abundance, non-rice crop residues are not used as feed for cattle. The reason for keeping cattle seems to be for financial security rather than for profit. Current cattle feeding is based mainly on cut-and-carry and tethered grazing. Better use of locally available crop by-products, residues and concentrate feeds provides an opportunity for expansion of cattle for breeding or fattening for beef production. The region has seen rapid and widespread environmental degradation due to illegal forest clearance followed by aggressive agricultural practices. An integrated whole-of-landscape approach is required to improve the sustainability of agriculture and at the same time promote forest restoration. The combined result is better mitigation of, and adaption to, climate change as well as watershed protection and reduced downstream impacts from flooding and sedimentation. The integrated whole-of-landscape approach can be achieved only if relevant government agencies work together.
机译：该项目正在评估柬埔寨西北部的农牛融合方案。该地区主要是高地，在1998年内战结束后，用于耕种的土地被迅速扩大。目前，农作物种植面积约为22万公顷，每年产生价值1.9亿美元的农作物。仅有不到20％的家庭饲养牛，每年出售的牛的总价值仅为250万美元。尽管当地有大量的农副产品，残渣和浓缩饲料资源，但这种情况仍然存在。该项目的作物研究旨在保护作物残留物，最大程度地减少土壤干扰并促进多样化。传统的耕作系统无法充分利用可利用的水，尤其是在耕作之间耕种土地时。该项目正在取得成果，因为具有割草机，背负式喷雾器和人工种植的小规模农民比耕种更快，更容易，更便宜，因此正在采用免耕农业。该项目正在调查社会经济和技术原因，为什么尽管有大量的非稻谷作物残留物仍不能用作牛饲料。养牛的原因似乎是为了财务安全，而不是为了利润。当前的牛饲喂主要基于随身携带和拴系放牧。更好地利用当地可获得的农作物副产品，残渣和浓缩饲料为扩大牛的繁殖，育肥或牛肉生产的机会提供了机会。由于非法森林砍伐以及积极的农业实践，该地区的环境迅速而广泛地退化。需要采用综合的整体景观方法来提高农业的可持续性，同时促进森林恢复。综合的结果是更好地缓解和适应了气候变化以及流域保护，并减少了洪水和沉积物对下游的影响。只有相关政府机构共同努力，才能实现综合的整体景观方案。

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