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Ocean Color Remote Sensing Through Clouds

机译：海洋色彩透过云层遥感

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Ocean-color remote sensing from space is currently limited to cloud-free areas. Consequently, the daily ocean coverage is 15-20%, and weekly products show no information in many areas. This limits considerably the utility of satellite ocean color observations for operational oceanography. Global coverage is required every three to five days in the open ocean and at least every day in the coastal zone. In view of the requirements for spatial coverage, and of the effects of clouds on observations of ocean color, an algorithm is proposed to estimate marine reflectance in the presence of a thin or broken cloud layer. The algorithm's theoretical basis is that cloud reflectance at some near-infrared wavelength may be accurately extrapolated to shorter wavelengths, whatever the cloud geometry, without any additional information. The interaction between cloud droplets and molecules, in particular, follows a λ~(-4) law. On the contrary, estimating aerosol scattering requires at least a measurement of its spectral dependence. Applying the algorithm to actual satellite ocean color imagery, a substantial gain in ocean coverage is obtained. The oceanic features retrieved below the clouds exhibit continuity with the adjacent features in clear areas. The daily ocean coverage is expected to be increased to up to 50% with the proposed algorithm, allowing one to resolve better phytoplankton blooms in the open ocean and "events" linked to wind forcing in the coastal zone. This could lead to important new information about the temporal variability of biological processes.
机译：目前，来自太空的海洋彩色遥感仅限于无云地区。因此，每天的海洋覆盖率为15-20％，而每周的产品在许多地区都没有显示任何信息。这极大地限制了卫星海洋颜色观测在实际海洋学中的应用。在公海中，每三至五天至少需要在全球范围内进行一次，至少在沿海地区，每天都需要进行全球性报道。考虑到空间覆盖的要求以及云对海洋颜色观测的影响，提出了一种在云层薄或破裂的情况下估计海洋反射率的算法。该算法的理论基础是，无论云的几何形状如何，都可以将某些近红外波长的云反射率精确地外推到较短的波长，而无需任何其他信息。云滴与分子之间的相互作用尤其遵循λ〜（-4）定律。相反，估计气溶胶散射至少需要对其光谱依赖性进行测量。将算法应用到实际的卫星海洋彩色图像中，可以大大提高海洋覆盖率。在云层以下获取的海洋特征与在透明区域中的相邻特征具有连续性。通过提出的算法，每天的海洋覆盖率有望提高到50％，这将使人们能够解决公海中浮游植物的大量开花以及沿海地区与强迫风有关的“事件”。这可能会导致有关生物过程的时间变异性的重要新信息。

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