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首页> 外文会议>Rural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in China >CHALLENGES IN GOVERNMENT FACILITATED CROP INSURANCE
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CHALLENGES IN GOVERNMENT FACILITATED CROP INSURANCE

机译：政府为农作物保险提供的挑战

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Experience to date indicates that it is extremely difficult, without massive government subsidies, to insure farm-level crop yields from losses caused by any number of natural perils. Those who seek effective, agricultural risk management tools, offered with little or no government subsidy, need to understand the underlying problems with farm-level, multiple-peril crop insurance. This chapter begins by discussing those problems. The following section presents an alternative form of insurance that makes payments based not on measures of individual farm yields, but rather on either area yields or some weather event like temperature or rainfall. This alternative form of insurance is often referred to as "index" insurance, since payments are triggered by realizations of a pre-specified index measure rather than by realized farm yields. Index insurance holds significant promise for a number of reasons. In some situations, index insurance offers superior risk protection when compared to traditional multiple-peril crop insurance that pays indemnities based on individual farm yields. Second, index insurance provides an effective policy alternative for governments seeking to protect the agricultural production sector from widespread, positively correlated, crop yield losses (e.g., drought). Finally, when index insurance is used to shift the risk of widespread crop losses to financial and reinsurance markets, the residual idiosyncratic risk often has characteristics that make it easier for local insurance markets to absorb.
机译：迄今为止的经验表明，在没有大量政府补贴的情况下，要确保由于任何数量的自然灾害造成的损失，才能确保农场一级的作物单产极为困难。那些寻求有效的农业风险管理工具，几乎没有政府补贴的人，需要了解农场一级的多重风险作物保险的潜在问题。本章首先讨论这些问题。下一节介绍了一种替代形式的保险，其付款方式不基于单个农场的产量度量，而是基于地区产量或某些天气事件（例如温度或降雨）进行支付。这种替代形式的保险通常被称为“指数”保险，因为付款是通过实现预定指标来触发的，而不是由实现的农场产量触发的。指数保险有很多前景可言。在某些情况下，与传统的多重风险作物保险相比，指数保险提供了更好的风险保护，传统的多重风险作物保险根据单个农场的产量支付赔款。其次，指数保险为寻求保护农业生产部门免受广泛的，正相关的作物单产损失（例如干旱）的政府提供了有效的政策选择。最后，当使用指数保险将广泛的农作物损失的风险转移到金融和再保险市场时，剩余的特质风险通常具有使本地保险市场更容易吸收的特征。

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