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首页> 外文会议>Saint Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems; 20040524-26; Saint Petersburg(RU) >GPS AUGMENTATION WITH A MAGNETIC FLUID-BASED SIX DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM INERTIAL SENSOR AND A LOW-COST, MULTI-OSCILLATOR ARRAY TIMING DEVICE
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GPS AUGMENTATION WITH A MAGNETIC FLUID-BASED SIX DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM INERTIAL SENSOR AND A LOW-COST, MULTI-OSCILLATOR ARRAY TIMING DEVICE

机译：具有基于磁流体的六个自由度惯性传感器和低成本，多振荡器阵列定时装置的GPS增强

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For years, GPS has served society remarkably well for surveying, aviation flight control, and a host of other applications where the receiver is in the open and the satellites are clearly visible. Now however, society and the military want more utility from GPS. What is desired now is a capability for near real-time three-dimensional position fixes in urban environments, including inside of buildings for extended periods of time. This capability goes well beyond the limits of current GPS receiver signal to noise ratios (SNR) and multi-path mitigation techniques. Today's exceedingly rapid pace of technological advances make GPS receivers, and communications devices in general, become obsolete shortly after they are produced. To keep pace, they must be designed for flexibility to a degree that permits transparent insertion, such as over-the-air reprogramming, and integration of new technologies at virtually every phase of their lifecycles. Our approach to solving the full spectrum of our navigation requirements is to use software defined radio (SDR) as the integration platform because of its open standards and an architecture that promises to do for the wireless industry what the PC and object-oriented software and operating systems have done for the computer industry: drive down costs and proliferate wireless applications throughout the market. This is a shift away from traditional hardware focused, application-specific transceiver implementation, to rendering functionality as a software application that performs digital signal processing tasks on a common PC-based processing platform. This approach can also be applied to GPS, where its implementation would lake the form of an algorithm, or waveform, hosted on a single board computer for example. With GPS implemented as a waveform it would enable fusion of communications functionality with GPS on a common PC-based processing platform. A major benefit of this software defined radio architecture is the ability to include measurements from different frequencies and conduct fully coherent tracking of multiple codes at the same time and from an architecture standpoint, there would now be one common receiver fulfilling both functions, instead of having one for the radio and another separate one for GPS as is done conventionally. At some point however, GPS signals become too faint to track and other means, such as inertial measurement units (IMU), must be employed to take over the position fixing, albeit relative position measurements. Though micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has reduced the size, power consumption, and cost of accelerometers and gyroscopes for IMUs, measurement errors are not optimal because of the poor SNR of the nano-size proof mass relative to the thermal noise of the associated electronics. These MEMs-based IMUs have large bias errors that degrade relative position fixes very quickly. We have opted to pursue an alternative IMU technology based on ferromagnetic fluids because it has the potential to optimize the trade-offs between cost, size and accuracy. For additional navigation robustness, we will also integrate an innovative low-power, low-cost, high-stability timing device, consisting of a multiple quartz oscillator ensemble, which will provide additional GPS aiding.
机译：多年来，GPS在测量，航空飞行控制以及接收机在露天且卫星清晰可见的许多其他应用中，已为社会服务。但是现在，社会和军队都希望GPS能够提供更多实用性。现在所需要的是一种在城市环境中，包括在建筑物内部长时间保持近实时三维定位的能力。该功能远远超出了当前GPS接收机信噪比（SNR）和多径缓解技术的限制。当今，技术进步的飞速发展使得GPS接收器以及一般的通信设备在生产后不久就已过时。为了跟上步伐，必须将其设计为具有一定程度的灵活性，以允许透明插入，例如空中重新编程，以及几乎在其生命周期的每个阶段集成新技术。我们解决全部导航要求的方法是使用软件定义无线电（SDR）作为集成平台，因为它具有开放标准，并且其架构有望为无线行业提供PC和面向对象的软件及操作系统已为计算机行业做好了准备：降低成本并在整个市场中普及无线应用。这是从传统的以硬件为中心的，特定于应用程序的收发器实现转变为将功能呈现为在通用的基于PC的处理平台上执行数字信号处理任务的软件应用程序的功能。这种方法也可以应用于GPS，在GPS的实现中，该方法的实施方式将是例如托管在单板计算机上的算法或波形的形式。通过将GPS实现为波形，可以在基于PC的通用处理平台上实现通信功能与GPS的融合。这种软件定义的无线电体系结构的主要优点是能够包含来自不同频率的测量值，并同时从体系结构的角度对多个代码进行完全一致的跟踪，现在将有一个通用的接收机同时实现这两种功能，而不是具有一个用于无线电，另一个用于GPS，与以往一样。然而，在某些时候，GPS信号变得微弱到无法跟踪，并且必须采用其他方法（例如惯性测量单位（IMU））来接管位置固定，即使是相对位置测量。尽管微机电系统（MEMS）技术已经减小了IMU的加速度计和陀螺仪的尺寸，功耗和成本，但由于纳米尺寸的质量块相对于传感器的热噪声的信噪比差，因此测量误差并不是最佳的相关的电子产品。这些基于MEM的IMU具有较大的偏置误差，会非常迅速地降低相对位置定位。我们选择了一种基于铁磁流体的替代IMU技术，因为它具有优化成本，尺寸和精度之间折衷的潜力。为了提高导航的鲁棒性，我们还将集成一个创新的低功耗，低成本，高稳定性计时设备，该设备由多个石英振荡器组成，可提供额外的GPS辅助功能。

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