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首页> 外文会议>Second International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture for Food, Energy and Industry Vol.2 >Recent trends and recommendations for nitrogen fertilization in intensive agricultural systems in Eastern China
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Recent trends and recommendations for nitrogen fertilization in intensive agricultural systems in Eastern China

机译：中国东部集约化农业系统氮肥的最新趋势和建议

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The problems resulting from excessive mineral nitrogen fertilizer use and high labour costs in China's intensive agricultural regions can be exemplified by the Taihu Region in Eastern China (30-32 °N, 119-122 °E). The centuries-old double- or triple-cropping systems have been transformed from a nitrogen-limited to a nitrogen-saturated state (Ellis et al., 2000). Nitrogen surpluses are estimated by means of N balance calculations carried out in different locations in the 1980s and 1990s. These surpluses can reach more than 300 kg N ha~(-1) yr~(-1) (Richter and Roelcke, 2000), leading to large scale agricultural non-point source pollution of aquifers. The balance of conflict between the need to supply high and stable grain yields and the requirement to protect the environment is increasingly shifting towards the latter. The changing role of organic manure from being principal fertilizer to merely a waste product is creating new problems of air and water pollution, a deterioration in soil structure, the silting up of canals and loss of nutrients to the Tai Lake and the East China Sea. It also creates the necessity to develop new and mechanized devices of manure recycling, storage and treatment.
机译：中国东部集约化农业地区（30-32°N，119-122°E）是典型的农业集约化地区，由于过量使用矿物氮肥和较高的劳动力成本而引起的问题。已有数百年历史的双作或三作系统已从氮限制状态转变为氮饱和状态（Ellis等，2000）。氮剩余量通过1980年代和1990年代在不同地点进行的氮平衡计算来估算。这些过剩可达到300 kg N ha〜（-1）yr〜（-1）（Richter和Roelcke，2000年），导致了大规模的农业面源农业面源污染。在提供高而稳定的谷物产量的需求与保护环境的需求之间，冲突之间的平衡正越来越趋向于后者。有机肥料从作为主要肥料变为仅仅作为废物的作用正在产生新的空气和水污染问题，土壤结构恶化，运河淤积以及太湖和东海营养损失。它还创造了开发新的机械化粪便回收，储存和处理设备的必要性。

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