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Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Implementation

机译：全球降水量测量（GPM）实施

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摘要

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission will provide enhanced space-based precipitation measurements with sufficient coverage, spatial resolution, temporal sampling, retrieval accuracy, and microphysical information to advance the understanding of Earth's water and energy cycle and to improve predictions of its climate, weather, and hydrometeorological processes. Such improvements will in turn improve decision support systems in broad societal applications (e.g. water resource management, agriculture, transportation, etc). GPM is a partnership between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), building upon their highly successful partnership on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The GPM architecture consists of NASA satellites operating in partnership with other earth-observing satellites and instruments to produce global precipitation science data. The current generation of multi-satellite global precipitation products based on microwave/infrared sensors from uncoordinated satellite missions has for its anchor the TRMM precipitation radar and the TRMM Microwave Imager measurements over the tropics and subtropics (+/- 35 degrees latitude), with a mean sampling time of approximately 17 hours. The GPM mission will deploy a spaceborne Core Observatory as a reference standard to unify a space constellation of research and operational microwave sensors aimed at providing uniformly calibrated precipitation measurements globally every 2-4 hours. The Core Observatory measurements will provide, for the first time, quantitative information on precipitation particle size distribution needed for improving the accuracy of precipitation estimates by microwave radiometers and radars. In addition, the GPM will also include a second microwave radiometer and a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) communications subsystem for near real time data relay for a future partner-provided constellation satellite. This second GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument, flown in a low-inclination orbit, combined with the Core Observatory will provide an improvement over TRMM in both global coverage and sampling rate (+/- 65 degrees, 10 hour mean sampling time). GPM is well into its final design and fabrication (Phase C) with planned launches in 2013 and 2014.
机译：全球降水量测量（GPM）任务将提供增强的空基降水量测量，具有足够的覆盖范围，空间分辨率，时间采样，取回精度和微物理信息，以增进对地球水和能量循环的了解并改善对气候的预测，天气和水文气象过程。这样的改进反过来将改善广泛社会应用（例如水资源管理，农业，运输等）中的决策支持系统。 GPM是NASA与日本航空航天局（JAXA）之间的合作伙伴关系，其基础是在热带雨量测量任务（TRMM）方面非常成功的合作关系。 GPM体系结构由与其他地球观测卫星和仪器合作运行的NASA卫星组成，以产生全球降水科学数据。目前，基于不协调卫星任务的微波/红外传感器的多卫星全球降水产品的锚点为：TRMM降水雷达和TRMM微波成像仪在热带和亚热带（纬度+/- 35度）上的测量值，平均采样时间约为17小时。 GPM任务将部署一个太空核心天文台作为参考标准，以统一空间格局的研究和运行中的微波传感器，旨在每2-4小时在全球范围内提供经过统一校准的降水量测量值。核心天文台的测量将首次提供有关降水粒径分布的定量信息，这些信息需要提高微波辐射计和雷达对降水估算的准确性。此外，GPM还包括第二台微波辐射计和跟踪与数据中继卫星（TDRS）通信子系统，用于为未来合作伙伴提供的星座卫星进行近实时数据中继。这是第二架GPM微波成像仪（GMI）仪器，在低倾角轨道上飞行，与核心天文台相结合，将在总覆盖率和采样率（+/- 65度，10小时平均采样时间）方面比TRMM有所改进。 GPM已进入最终设计和制造阶段（C阶段），计划于2013年和2014年推出。

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