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Scheduling observations of celestial objects for Earth observing sensor calibration

机译：安排天体观测以进行地球观测传感器校准

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Radiometric calibration of Earth-observing satellite sensors is critical for tracking on-orbit gain changes throughout the satellite's mission. The Moon, being a stable, well-characterized radiometric target, has been used effectively for tracking the relative gain changes of the reflective solar bands for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board EOS AM-1 (Terra) and PM-1 (Aqua). The Moon is viewed through the MODIS space-view port, and the relative phase of the Moon is restricted to within 0.5 degrees of a chosen target phase to increase the accuracy of the calibration. These geometric restrictions require spacecraft maneuvers in order to bring space-view port into proper alignment with the position of the Moon when the phase requirement is met. In this paper, we describe a versatile tool for scheduling such maneuvers based on the required geometry and lunar phase restrictions for a general spacecraft bound instrument. The results of the scheduling tool have been verified using lunar images from Aqua and Terra MODIS after a scheduled roll maneuver was performed. This tool has also been tested for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder on-board the Suomi-NPP spacecraft. As an extension of this work, we have also developed a tool for scheduling views of bright stars. These stars provide another well-characterized radiometric source that can be used for sensor calibration. This tool has been implemented to determine the times in which a chosen star can be viewed by the high gain stages of the dayight band for the VIIRS instrument.
机译：对地观测卫星传感器的辐射校准对跟踪整个卫星任务中的轨道增益变化至关重要。月球是一种稳定，特征明确的辐射目标，已被有效地用于跟踪EOS AM-1（Terra）和PM-1板载中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）的反射太阳波段的相对增益变化（水色）可通过MODIS空间观察端口查看月球，并将月球的相对相位限制在所选目标相位的0.5度以内，以提高校准的准确性。这些几何限制要求航天器进行机动，以便在满足相位要求时使视口与月球的位置正确对齐。在本文中，我们描述了一种通用工具，用于根据常规航天器约束仪器所需的几何形状和月相限制来调度此类机动。执行计划的侧倾操纵后，已使用来自Aqua和Terra MODIS的月球图像验证了计划工具的结果。 Suomi-NPP航天器上的可见红外成像辐射计套件（VIIRS）和先进技术微波测深仪也对该工具进行了测试。作为这项工作的扩展，我们还开发了一种用于安排亮星视图的工具。这些恒星提供了另一个特征明确的辐射源，可用于传感器校准。该工具已被实施，可以确定VIIRS仪器白天/夜晚波段的高增益阶段可以观看所选星体的时间。

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