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首页> 外文会议>Shale energy engineering conference 2014: technical challenges, environmental issues, and pubulic policy >Waters of the United States: Understanding Definitions and Jurisdictional Determinations Specific to Shale Resource Development
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Waters of the United States: Understanding Definitions and Jurisdictional Determinations Specific to Shale Resource Development

机译：美国水域：页岩资源开发特有的理解定义和管辖权确定

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摘要

Clean water is a valuable natural resource and is relied on for drinking, agriculture, recreation, manufacturing, energy development, tourism, and many other purposes that are essential to the public and the economy. The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary legislative instrument used to protect this resource but over the past decade, interpretations of Supreme Court rulings have clouded definitions of "waters of the United States" (WOUS) and caused confusion about which waters and wetlands remain under the jurisdictional control of the U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To clarify protection of waters and wetlands the EPA and the USACE drafted guidance to sort out what the CWA covers and what may now lie beyond its reach. The guidance provides procedures for identifying waters and wetlands protected under the CWA with a focus toward protecting small waters that feed into large waters, so that downstream waters are safe from upstream pollutants. The guidance also reaffirms protection for wetlands that filter pollution and store water. The agencies propose to finalize the guidance and to continue work on a rulemaking. This paper will analyze the final guidance, definitions, and jurisdiction determination procedure and how these affect the development of well pads, impoundments, access roads and water used for oil and gas development within shale plays. The central subject of this paper is to what extent does the final guidance allow the CWA to cover "non-traditional, non-navigable" wetlands and streams within shale plays, and how such guidance can be used to determine jurisdictional authority using existing scientific literature and ground truthing tools. The paper is intended to assist operators faced with a jurisdictional question involving a wetland or stream to understand what factors will allow them to determine CWA jurisdiction.
机译：清洁水是一种宝贵的自然资源，可用于饮用，农业，娱乐，制造业，能源开发，旅游以及对公众和经济至关重要的许多其他目的。 《清洁水法》（CWA）是用于保护这种资源的主要立法手段，但是在过去的十年中，最高法院的裁决使“美国水域”（WOUS）的定义模糊不清，并引起了对哪些水域和湿地的困惑仍受美国陆军工程兵团（USACE）和环境保护局（EPA）的管辖。为了阐明对水和湿地的保护，EPA和USACE起草了指南，以梳理CWA涵盖的内容以及目前可能超出其范围的内容。该指南提供了确定受CWA保护的水域和湿地的程序，重点是保护流入大水域的小水域，从而使下游水域免受上游污染物的侵害。该指南还重申对过滤污染和蓄水的湿地的保护。这些机构建议最终确定指南并继续制定规则。本文将分析最终指导，定义和管辖权确定程序，以及这些程序如何影响页岩气田中用于油气开发的井垫，蓄水库，通道和水的开发。本文的中心主题是最终指导书在多大程度上允许CWA覆盖页岩气中的“非传统，不可通航”湿地和溪流，以及如何利用现有科学文献将此类指导书用于确定管辖权和地面实况调查工具。本文旨在帮助经营者面对涉及湿地或河流的管辖权问题，以了解哪些因素将使他们能够确定CWA管辖权。

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