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TRENDS AND OPTIONS IN THE DISPOSAL OF LAUNCH VEHICLE ORBITAL STAGES

机译:发射汽车轨道阶段处置的趋势和选择

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摘要

An increasing number of agencies and organizations around the world provide guidelines for the disposal of launch vehicle stages placed in Earth orbit. The limitation of orbital lifetime following the satellite delivery mission, particularly in low Earth orbit, is viewed as one of the most important space debris mitigation measures. For higher altitude missions, orbital stages may be maneuvered into more rapidly decaying orbits or may be left in longer-term disposal orbits. This paper summarizes the recent disposal practices of all launch vehicle types and evaluates their compliance with existing national standards. Although the owners and operators of some satellite systems, e.g., Iridium and Globalstar, have levied orbital stage disposal requirements on launch service providers, in general, insufficient attention and communication is given to this topic. Sun-synchronous and geosynchronous missions may pose some of the most difficult challenges for the responsible disposal of orbital stages. A variety of disposal options are normally available, some of which may even influence the design of the spacecraft to be deployed. Also at issue is whether normal launch vehicle propellant reserves can be relied upon for postmission disposal of orbital stages.
机译:世界各地越来越多的机构和组织提供了处置放置在地球轨道上的运载火箭载物台的指南。卫星运载任务后轨道寿命的限制,特别是在低地球轨道上,被认为是减轻空间碎片最重要的措施之一。对于高空飞行任务,轨道级可以操纵成更迅速衰减的轨道,也可以留在长期的处置轨道上。本文总结了所有运载工具的最新处置做法,并评估了它们是否符合现有国家标准。尽管某些卫星系统(例如铱星和全球之星)的所有者和运营商已对发射服务提供商征收了轨道级处置要求,但总的来说,对此主题的关注和交流不足。太阳同步和地球同步任务可能对负责任地处理轨道阶段构成一些最困难的挑战。通常有各种处置选择,其中一些甚至可能影响要部署的航天器的设计。还有一个问题是是否可以依靠正常的运载火箭推进剂储备进行轨道阶段的事后处置。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Space Debris 2001》|2001年|p.243-256|共14页
  • 会议地点 Toulouse(FR);Toulouse(FR);Toulouse(FR)
  • 作者

    Nicholas L. Johnson;

  • 作者单位

    Orbital Debris Program Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058;

  • 会议组织
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 航天(宇宙航行);
  • 关键词

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