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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >NITROGEN UTILIZATION FROM UREA AND GREEN MANURE RESIDUES BY CORN GROWN UNDER NO TILL IN SOUTHERN CERRADO, BRAZIL
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NITROGEN UTILIZATION FROM UREA AND GREEN MANURE RESIDUES BY CORN GROWN UNDER NO TILL IN SOUTHERN CERRADO, BRAZIL

机译：巴西南塞拉多免耕玉米生长的尿素和绿肥残留物中的氮利用

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Field experiments were carried out in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul state in the Brazilian southern Cerrado, during 2 consecutive years, to evaluate the N use efficiency from the urea fertilizer and green manures (millet and crotalaria) by corn grown in a red Latosol under no tillage system. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with 24 treatments (incomplete factorial 5x3x2): 5 fertilizer N rates (0, 30, 80, 130 and 180 kg N ha~(-1)), 3 fallow systems: natural and green manure (millet and crotalaria) and 2 split application times of fertilizer N (at seeding and topdressing at 4 or 8 leaves stage). The green manures and urea were labeled with ~(15)N. The highest grain productivity were obtained in the crotalaria-corn sequence during both years followed by natural fallow-corn and millet-corn, the fallow systems differing statistically in the first year, and only when N was applied at the 8 leaves stage in the second year. The crotalaria provided more N to corn than fallow and millet in both years and the corn grain yield response to N rates was fitted to a quadratic function. The fertilizer N application at 4 leaves stage resulted in higher grain productivity in all three fallow systems in the first year, and significant differences were found for natural fallow-corn and millet-corn systems when N was topdressed at 8 leaves stage. The grain productivity data were fitted to quadratic functions with regard to the fertilizer N application rates. The maximum technical efficiency for grain productivity was estimated to be achieved at the N rates of 148, 117 and 161 kg N ha~(-1) and 171, 160 and 174 kg N ha~(-1) for the natural fallow-corn, crotalaria-corn and millet-corn during the first and second year respectively. The FNUE was, on the average of 2 years, 53%, 49% and 44% for the corn grown as succeeding crop to crotalaria, fallow and millet, respectively. The application of increasing fertilizer N rates resulted in a quadratic response of the utilization by corn of the N from crotalaria and millet. The N utilization from the crotalaria and millet was (on the average of two years) 15.6% and 7.6%, respectively. Although millet is often used as cover crop/green manure for corn in this region, the results of this study showed that the millet did not show any advantage in terms of corn grain productivity compared to the natural fallow system.
机译：连续2年在巴西南部塞拉多州南马托格罗索州Selviria进行了田间试验，以评估在红色Latosol下种植的玉米中尿素肥料和绿肥（粟和猪屎豆）的氮利用效率。没有耕作制度。实验设计是采用24种处理方法（不完全因子分解5x3x2）的完全随机区组：5种氮素施用量（0、30、80、130和180 kg N ha〜（-1）），3种休耕系统：天然和绿色肥料（小米）和猪屎豆）和2次不同的肥料氮施用时间（在播种和追肥的第4或8个叶期）。绿肥和尿素标有〜（15）N。在这两年中，按猪屎玉米的顺序获得了最高的谷物生产力，其次是自然休耕玉米和小米玉米，休耕系统在第一年有统计学差异，并且仅当第二年在八叶阶段施氮时年。在这两个年份中，猪屎肠向玉米提供的氮量均高于休耕和谷粒，而玉米籽粒对氮素含量的响应也符合二次函数。第一年在四个叶期施用氮肥可提高所有三个休耕系统的谷物生产力，当在八个叶期追施氮肥时，天然休耕玉米和小米-玉米系统存在显着差异。关于肥料氮的施用量，将谷物生产率数据拟合为二次函数。据估计，天然休闲玉米的氮素利用率分别为148、117和161 kg N ha〜（-1），达到171,160和174 kg N ha〜（-1），从而实现了谷物生产力的最大技术效率。 ，第一年和第二年分别是猪屎玉米和小米玉米。玉米作为后继作物种植猪屎，休耕和粟的平均两年平均FNUE分别为53％，49％和44％。不断增加的肥料氮肥用量导致玉米对猪屎肠和小米氮素利用的二次响应。猪屎和小米的氮利用率（平均两年）分别为15.6％和7.6％。尽管该地区通常将小米用作玉米的表层作物/绿肥，但这项研究的结果表明，与自然休耕系统相比，小米在玉米籽粒生产力方面没有表现出任何优势。

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