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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >ENHANCING THE AGRONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF A LOW REACTIVE LOCAL PHOSPHATE ROCK TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVTY IN A LOW P STATUS OXISOL OF THE CENTRAL CERRADO, BRAZIL
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ENHANCING THE AGRONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF A LOW REACTIVE LOCAL PHOSPHATE ROCK TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVTY IN A LOW P STATUS OXISOL OF THE CENTRAL CERRADO, BRAZIL

机译：增强低反应性本地磷酸盐岩的农艺功效，以改善巴西中部塞拉多中低磷状态的溶胶的农业生产力

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A series of studies was carried out to investigate technologies to enhance the agronomic effectiveness of the locally available Patos phosphate rock (PR) for direct application to corn, a major food crop and Eucalyptus, a tree commonly grown for timber and paper mill production in the Cerrado region. The specific objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of a water-soluble phosphatic fertilizer such as triple superphopshate (TSP) when applied mixed with the low reactive Patos PR on PR-phosphorus utilization by corn and Eucalyptus, in a tropical Typic Dystrarox soil of the Cerrado region using ~(32)P isotopic techniques. Technologies studied included a physical means by mixing the local Patos PR with TSP in different proportions and a biological one by inoculating the plants with endomycorrizhae. Granular TSP, finely powdered Patos PR and TSP + PR (both finely powdered and mixed with slight humidity) were applied to plastic pots containing 1.5 kg soil, previously labeled with 10 MBq ~(32)P carrier-free/pot. Additional treatments with ~(32)P labeled TSP were included. In the first experiment with corn the treatments were: TSP (0, 50, 100 mg P kg~(-1) soil), Patos PR (200, 400 and 800 mg P kg~(-1) soil) and TSP + PR (50 + 200 mg P kg~(-1) soil, 50 + 400 mg P kg~(-1) soil, 50 + 800 mg P kg~(-1) soil, and 100 + 400 mg P kg~(-1) soil). The treatments of second corn experiment were: TSP (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg P kg~(-1) soil); Patos PR (400 mg P kg~(-1) soil); TSP + PR (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg P kg~(-1) soil, 1:1 ratio) and some treatments were inoculated with mycorrhiza. Corn plants were grown and harvested 40 days after seeding for total P and ~(32)P activity analysis. The combined application of TSP with Patos PR increased slightly the utilization of P from PR by the corn plants (0.49 to 1,71%). This slight increase in attributed to the low reactivity of Patos PR as a source of P for corn even when it was mixed with TSP. Increasing TSP proportion in the TSP + Patos PR mixture (1:1) did not show any advantage, as a reduction on the utilization of TSP-phosphorus by the plants in the presence of Patos PR was found. The mycorrhiza increased the P uptake, but this enhancement effect was very small. In the third experiment Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus grandis, and the hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis were used. Plants were grown in plastic pots containing 1 dm~(-3) of soil, labeled with 3.7 MBq ~(32)P carrier free. Harvesting was done 55 days after planting and analysed for total P and ~(32)P activity. The dry-matter yield response of the Eucalyptus genotypes to P sources followed the order TSP = (TSP + PR) > PR and the P uptake response in the following order: (TSP + PR) > TSP > P. The increase in P uptake from PR due to TSP was 217.4% for E. urophylla, 235.7% for E. grandis and 28.7% for E. urophylla x E, grandis, indicating a significant enhancement effect of TSP on the agronomic effectiveness of the Patos PR. The hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis was the most efficient genotype on utilizing soil P and E. grandis the most demanding species in P fertilizer.
机译：进行了一系列研究来研究技术，以增强可直接用于玉米，主要粮食作物和桉树的桉树磷肥（PR）的农艺效果，该树通常用于种植木材和造纸厂。塞拉多地区。这项研究的具体目标是评估热带磷酸型地层土壤中水溶性磷肥（如三重过磷酸钙（TSP））与低反应性Patos PR混合施用对玉米和桉树PR磷利用的影响。 〜（32）P同位素技术测定塞拉多地区所研究的技术包括通过将本地Patos PR与TSP以不同比例混合而获得的物理手段，以及通过向内生菌丝接种植物而获得的生物学手段。将颗粒状的TSP，细粉的Patos PR和TSP + PR（均细粉并在微湿的情况下混合）应用到装有1.5千克土壤的塑料罐中，该塑料罐先前用10 MBq〜（32）P无载体/罐标记。还包括用〜（32）P标记的TSP进行的其他治疗。在第一个玉米试验中，处理方法为：TSP（0、50、100 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤），Patos PR（200、400和800 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤）和TSP + PR （50 + 200 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤，50 + 400 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤，50 + 800 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤和100 + 400 mg P kg〜（- 1）土壤）。第二个玉米试验的处理方法为：TSP（0、30、60、90、120和150 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤）； Patos PR（400 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤）; TSP + PR（30、60、90、120和150 mg P kg〜（-1）土壤，1：1比例）和一些处理方法接种了菌根。播种后40天生长并收获玉米植株，以进行总P和〜（32）P活性分析。 TSP与Patos PR的联合应用使玉米植物从PR中获得的P利用率略有提高（0.49至1,71％）。这种轻微的增加归因于Patos PR作为玉米中P的来源的反应性低，即使将其与TSP混合也是如此。在TSP + Patos PR混合物（1：1）中增加TSP比例没有显示任何优势，因为发现存在Patos PR时植物对TSP磷的利用率降低。菌根增加了对P的吸收，但是这种增强作用很小。在第三个实验中，使用了尾叶桉，尾叶桉和杂种尾叶桉x尾叶桉。使植物在含有1 dm〜（-3）土壤的塑料盆中生长，并用3.7 MBq〜（32）P不含载体的标签标记。种植后55天进行收获，并分析总磷和〜（32）P活性。桉树基因型对P源的干物质产量响应遵循TSP =（TSP + PR）> PR和P吸收响应的顺序，依次为（TSP + PR）> TSP>P。P吸收的增加由于TSP的影响，TSP对E. urophylla，E。grandis和E. urophylla x E，grandis的影响为217.4％，E。urophylla x E，grandis的28.7％，表明TSP对Patos PR的农艺学效果有显着增强作用。在土壤磷素利用上，杂种E. urophylla x E. grandis是最有效的基因型，而在磷肥中，E。grandis是最苛刻的物种。

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