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首页> 外文会议>STI/PUB/1285; Consultants Meeting on Management Practices for Improving Sustainable Crop Production in Tropical Acid Soils; 19990501-03; Vienna(AT) >IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SAVANNAH OF TABASCO STATE, MEXICO: Ⅰ. MANAGEMENT OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
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IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SAVANNAH OF TABASCO STATE, MEXICO: Ⅰ. MANAGEMENT OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

机译：墨西哥塔巴斯科州萨凡纳州农业生产力的提高：Ⅰ。玉米和高粱生产系统的管理

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A series of studies was carried out to evaluate the effects of selected biological components of agrosystems, in particular mycorrhizae, earthworms, and Trichoderma on sorghum and maize crop production in an acid Ultisol of the savannah of Huimanguillo, Tabasco state, Mexico. Isotopic techniques using ~(15)N and ~(32)P were used to assess N and P use efficiency of sorghum transgenic lines (citrate over-producers) under nutrient-limited conditions. No significant differences in ~(15)N-fertilizer use efficiency between the lines tested (L8, a citrate over-producer) and a commercial genotype were found. The commercial line and a negative control (L18-2 transgenic line), showed the highest N derived from the fertilizer as well as P uptake derived from rock phosphate. The combined application of the legume green-manure Mucuna pruriens and earthworms {Balanteodrilus pearsei) had a positive effect on N and P uptake and maize yields (78 g grain plant~(-1) vs. 26 g grain plant~(-1) for the control). Inoculation of maize with Trichoderma enhanced the effect of N fertilization and the N-uptake efficiency was highest when the fertilizer N was applied at sowing. Both Trichoderma strain C4 and the commercial inoculant "Tricom" gave the highest values of N-fertilizer use efficiency (43 and 38%, respectively), which was equivalent to a 2.4-fold increase over that found when fertilizer was applied alone. In a field evaluation of maize genotypes, the genotype VS-536 yielded 2.35 Mg grain ha~(-1) and highest fertilizer N efficiency when 100 kg P_2O_5 ha~(-1) of the reactive Baja California PR was applied, suggesting that this genotype could be used in the local production system. Interestingly, inoculation with mycorrhizae did not have positive effects on the fertilized maize. Overall, these data will contribute to establish better management practices for increasing soil fertility and improving crop production in the acid, unfertile savannah soils of Mexico.
机译：进行了一系列研究，评估了墨西哥塔巴斯科州惠曼圭罗大草原的酸性Ultisol中，农业系统所选生物成分（尤其是菌根，earth和木霉）对高粱和玉米作物生产的影响。使用〜（15）N和〜（32）P的同位素技术评估了在养分受限条件下高粱转基因品系（柠檬酸盐生产者）的氮和磷利用效率。在测试的品系（L8，柠檬酸盐的过量生产者）和商业基因型之间，〜（15）N肥料的使用效率没有显着差异。商业品系和阴性对照（L18-2转基因品系）显示出来自肥料的最高N和来自磷酸盐岩的P吸收。豆科绿肥毛uc和and（Balanteodrilus pearsei）的联合施用对氮和磷的吸收和玉米产量有积极影响（78 g谷物〜（-1）vs. 26 g谷物〜（-1）用于控制）。用木霉菌接种玉米可以提高氮肥的施肥效果，播种时施用氮肥可使氮素吸收效率最高。木霉菌C4菌株和商品接种剂“ Tricom”均给出了最高的氮肥使用效率值（分别为43％和38％），这比单独施用肥料时提高了2.4倍。在玉米基因型的田间评估中，当施用100 kg反应性下加利福尼亚州PR的基因型VS-536产生2.35 Mg谷物ha〜（-1）和最高肥料氮效率，这表明基因型可用于本地生产系统。有趣的是，菌根接种对受精玉米没有积极作用。总体而言，这些数据将有助于建立更好的管理方法，以提高墨西哥的酸性，贫瘠大草原土壤的土壤肥力并改善作物产量。

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