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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Methods for the Assessment of Structural Integrity of Components and Structures; 20010425; Cambridge; GB >Methods for the Assessment of the Structural Integrity of Components and Structures: Civil Structures
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Methods for the Assessment of the Structural Integrity of Components and Structures: Civil Structures

机译：构件和结构的结构完整性评估方法：土木结构

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摘要

A review is given of the wide ranging nature of civil engineering structures and the way in which structural safety is achieved. The main methods of achieving structural integrity at the design stage are through the use of well established procedures incorporated into codes and standards, using basic principles of structural engineering, estimates of 'worst case' loading, and incorporating appropriate safety factors. Modern Codes are generally based on principles known as 'limit state design' and use partial safety factors to give a target notional remote probability of failure which is considered acceptable, taking into account the consequences of failure of the particular type of structure. The codes cover design against failure by plastic collapse, shear failure and buckling as standard guidance. Avoidance of potential failure by fracture in steel structures is usually achieved by selection of materials based on Charpy test requirements at the minimum temperature combined with requirements for quality of fabrication. Specific design guidance exists for avoidance of failure by fatigue in welded construction. Where assessment of structural integrity is required to take account of the effects of unusual designs or loadings, effects of flaws or other circumstances with respect to potential failure by fracture or fatigue, the methods of BS7910:1999 are usually adopted. Examples are given of a number of cases where such assessments have been used to demonstrate acceptability or decide on remedial action for service of particular structures or components.
机译：审查了土木工程结构的广泛性质和实现结构安全的方法。在设计阶段实现结构完整性的主要方法是通过使用已纳入规范和标准的完善程序，使用结构工程的基本原理，估算“最坏情况”的载荷并纳入适当的安全系数。现代规范通常基于称为“极限状态设计”的原理，并考虑到特定类型结构的失效后果，使用部分安全系数来给出目标可接受的名义远程失效概率。规范涵盖了防止塑料塌陷，剪切破坏和屈曲破坏的设计，作为标准指导。通常可以通过根据最低温度下的夏比测试要求以及制造质量要求来选择材料，从而避免钢结构断裂引起的潜在故障。存在专门的设计指南，以避免焊接结构中的疲劳失效。当需要进行结构完整性评估时，要考虑到异常设计或荷载的影响，缺陷或其他情况对断裂或疲劳造成的潜在破坏的影响，通常采用BS7910：1999的方法。列举了许多案例，这些案例已被用来证明可接受性或决定为特定结构或组件服务的补救措施。

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