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Twilight Rayleigh scattering observed from ground and space

机译：从地面和太空观察到的暮光瑞利散射

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Abstract: A model is presented which calculates intensities of Rayleigh-scattered sunlight to large solar zenith angles (SZAs). The intensity integrand contains appropriate transmission functions and a volume emission rate profile with SZA varying along the line-of-sight. The calculation is performed for a spherically symmetric model atmosphere and allows for limb and non-limb viewing. Two applications are discussed. In the first, we compare OI 6300 angstroms nightglow and N$-2$/$+$PLU$/ 4278 angstroms auroral signals to their Rayleigh-scattered counterparts at various SZAs beyond the terminator. In our comparison, we address the major problems encountered by operational sensors when a rapid change in scattered sunlight intensity occurs at the terminator. Protection from solar scattering with an instrument baffling system is a straightforward and commonplace design factor. To illustrate the effects of baffling systems, we examine three simple baffle designs being considered for a nadir-viewing photometer system to be flown on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Block 5D3 satellites. The results show how far these photometers must be beyond the terminator to make good airglow and auroral measurements. In the second application, properties of the Rayleigh background are discussed in connection with ground-based twilight measurements of OI 6300 angstroms, OI 8446 angstroms, OII 7320 angstroms, and N$-2$/$+$PLU$/ 4278 angstroms. !10
机译：摘要：提出了一个模型，该模型计算瑞利散射阳光到大太阳天顶角（SZAs）的强度。强度被积物包含适当的传递函数和体积发射率曲线，其中SZA沿视线变化。计算是针对球形对称模型大气进行的，并允许查看肢体和非肢体。讨论了两个应用程序。在第一个中，我们将OI 6300埃的夜光和N $ -2 $ / $ + $ PLU $ / 4278埃的极光信号与终结者以外各个SZA处的瑞利散射对应信号进行了比较。在我们的比较中，当终端处发生散射的阳光强度快速变化时，我们解决了操作传感器遇到的主要问题。使用仪器挡板系统防止太阳光散射是一个简单而普遍的设计因素。为了说明挡板系统的效果，我们研究了三种简单的挡板设计，这些设计被考虑用于在国防气象卫星计划（DMSP）Block 5D3卫星上飞行的天底观测光度计系统。结果表明，这些光度计必须超出终结器才能进行良好的气辉和极光测量。在第二个应用中，结合OI 6300埃，OI 8446埃，OII 7320埃和N $ -2 $ / $ + $ PLU $ / 4278埃的地面微光测量，讨论了瑞利背景的属性。 ！10

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