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首页> 外文会议>Workshop on Coastal Area Planning and Management in Asian Tsunami-Affected Countries; 20060927-29; Bangkok(TH) >Integrated coastal zone planning in Asian tsunami-affected countries
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Integrated coastal zone planning in Asian tsunami-affected countries

机译：受亚洲海啸影响的国家的沿海地区综合规划

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Integrated coastal management and planning are processes through which rational decisions are made concerning the conservation and sustainable use of coastal and ocean resources and space. The principles of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) are well-known and widely accepted throughout the world, employing a suite of tools including marine protected areas (MPAs), land-use control, marine zoning and permit systems, conflict resolution, planning and fisheries management. In the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and its ensuing rehabilitation effort, the principles and objectives of ICM have been brought into stark relief. The clamor for quick action resulted, in many instances, in duplication and overlap of resources and effort. Poorly focused and uncoordinated initiatives meant that rehabilitation and reconstruction in affected areas were not always economically or environmentally sound. While principles of "build back better " were advocated in the reconstruction process, this was not always possible due to the pressing need to rebuild and rehabilitate hundreds of kilometres of devastated coastline, and re-establish livelihoods for displaced people. Very little forward thinking was adopted with regard to contingency risk planning and land-and marine-use planning in the Asia—Pacific region, with a general absence of integrated long-term responses (I.e. a ten-year horizon). This highlights the pressing need for a coordinated integrated coastal area planning and management effort within the region. Well-formulated and implemented ICM plans may well have reduced the loss of lives and physical assets from the tsunami. For instance, had set-back areas along the coast been subject to enforcement, the mortality rate of marginalized fisherfolk would have been significantly reduced. The application of integrated planning approaches and mechanisms could help to overcome previous constraints and avoid the mistakes that are currently being faced in the tsunami rehabilitation effort, maximizing economic, social and environmental benefits at a regional scale. However, it must be remembered that ICM-planning strategies are designed to be long-term proactive approaches. In light of this, their ability to respond rapidly in the face of sudden catastrophic disasters is somewhat problematic. In this context, while clearly valid for the long term, ICM processes require modification to cope with the requirement for immediate responses on short time frames resulting from sudden events.
机译：沿海综合管理和规划是对沿海和海洋资源与空间的养护和可持续利用作出合理决定的过程。沿海综合管理（ICM）的原则是众所周知的，并在世界范围内被广泛接受，采用了一系列工具，包括海洋保护区（MPA），土地使用控制，海洋分区和许可系统，冲突解决，规划和渔业管理。在2004年印度洋海啸及其随后的恢复工作之后，ICM的原则和目标已被彻底缓解。在许多情况下，要求迅速采取行动的呼吁导致资源和精力的重复和重叠。重点突出和协调不力的举措意味着受影响地区的恢复和重建并不总是在经济或环境上合理的。尽管在重建过程中倡导了“更好地重建”的原则，但由于迫切需要重建和修复数百公里的被毁海岸线，以及为流离失所者重建生计，这并非总是可行的。在总体上缺乏综合的长期应对措施（即十年期）的情况下，在亚太地区的应急风险计划以及陆地和海洋使用计划方面，几乎没有采取任何前瞻性的思考。这凸显了该地区迫切需要协调一致的沿海地区规划和管理工作。精心制定和实施的ICM计划很可能减少了海啸造成的生命和财产损失。例如，如果沿海地区的后退地区受到强制执行，边缘化渔民的死亡率将大大降低。综合规划方法和机制的应用可以帮助克服先前的限制，避免目前在海啸恢复工作中面临的错误，从而在区域范围内最大限度地提高经济，社会和环境效益。但是，必须记住，ICM计划策略被设计为长期的主动方法。有鉴于此，他们在突如其来的灾难性灾难面前迅速做出反应的能力有些问题。在这种情况下，虽然ICM流程可以长期长期使用，但仍需要进行修改以应对突发事件导致的在短时间内立即做出响应的要求。

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