声明
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Table of Contents
Chapter One Introduction
Chapter Two Metaphor and Cognition
2．1 The Traditional View of Metaphor
2．1．1 Aristotle and the Comparison View
2．1．2 Quintilian and the Substitution View
2．2 The Romantic View
2．3 Turning of Metaphor Study
2．3．1 Piaget and Constructivism
2．3．2 I．A．Richards and Cognitive View of Metaphor
2．3．3 Black and Interaction View
2．3．4 Semantics View
2．3．5 Kittay and Transfer View
2．3．6 Relevance Theory and Metaphor
2．4 Reddy and the Conduit Metaphor
2．5 Conceptual Metaphor
2．5．1 The Theory of Conceptual Metaphor
2．5．2 Features：Universality，Systematicity，Nationality
Chapter Three A Cross-cultural Study of Metaphors of ‘Water’
3．1 What is culture?
3．2 The Relationship between Language and Culture
3．3 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
3．4 Methodology
3．5 Linguistic Evidence of Cultural Differences from the perspective of metaphor of ‘Water’
3．5．1 World View：Oneness vs．Dividedness Between Man and Nature
3．5．2 Interpersonal Relationship：Collectivism vs．Individualism Orientation
3．5．3 Time Orientation：past vs．future
3．5．4 Geographical Basis of National Spirits
Chapter Four Conclusion
Bibliography
