声明
List of abbreviation
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1Rice production and consequences in China
1.2Combined manure and synthetic N fertilization and soil properties
1.2.1Soil physical properties
1.2.2Soil chemical properties
1.2.3Soil C/N ratio and combined organic and inorganic fertilization
1.2.4Soil microbial biomass and combined manure and chemical fertilization
1.3Root morphology and combined manure and chemical N fertilization
1.4Leaf physiological attributes
1.4.1Photosynthesis and chlorophyll content under combined N fertilization
1.4.2N metabolism and combined N fertilization
1.5Plant nutrition and integrated organic and inorganic N fertilization
1.6Starch metabolism and combined organic and inorganic N fertilization
1.7Grain yield and combined manure and chemical N fertilizer
1.8Rice grain quality and combined organic and inorganic N fertilization
1.1Central research question
1.1.1Sub questions
1.1.2Main objectives
2MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1Experimental site and weather details
2.2Experimental Design and Management
2.2.1Pot experiment 2018
2.2.1Field experiment 2019
2.3Data Collection
2.3.1Soil properties
2.3.2Physiochemical properties of soil and manure
3.3.3Soil microbial biomass
2.4Root morphological traits
2.5Leaf physiological attributes
2.5.1Leaf photosynthetic attributes
2.5.2Leaf Chlorophyll Content
2.6Dry Matter and N accumulation, andtranslocation
3.6.1Nitrogen Indexes
2.7Nitrogen metabolism
2.8Rice crop growth, yield, and yield components
2.9Starch Metabolism
2.9.1Preparation of enzyme extraction
2.9.2ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase
2.9.3Starch-branching and debranching enzymes activity
2.9.4Soluble starchsynthase and granule bound starch synthase
2.9.5Sucrose synthase
2.10Expression analysis of starch metabol ismisofrom genes
2.10.1Total RNA extraction and qRT-PCR
2.10.2Protocol of total RNA extraction
2.10.3cDNA synthesis from extracted RNA
2.10.4Quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR) setting
2.11Rice Grain Nutritive quality
2.11.1Starch measurement
2.11.2Amylose content measurement
2.11.3Protein content, gel consistency, and gelatinization temperature
2.12 Statistical Analysis
3 RESULTS
3. A:Pot Experiment 2018
3.1Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on soil properties
3.2Effect of organic and inorganic N application on root morphological attributes
3.3Rice leaf physiological traits
3.4Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on dry matter and N accumulation
3.5Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on N indexes (N use efficiencies)
3.6Influence of organic and inorganic N fertilization on rice plant growth, yield, and yield attributes
3.7Relation of N accumulation with grain yield attributes
3.8Pre-and post-anthesis DM and N accumulation and translocation and their relationship with rice grain yield
3.9.Relationship of root morphological traits with grain yield, N uptake, and biomass accumulation
3.10Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on rice grain nutritive attributes
3. B:Field experiment 2019
3.1Influence of organic and inorganic N fertilization on soil properties
3.2Influence of organic and inorganic N fertilization on soil microbial biomass
3.3Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on root morphological traits
3.4Influence of organic and inorganic N fertilization on rice leaf physiological features
3.5.Dry matter and N accumulation, and translocation
3.6Post-anthesis DM and N accumulation
3.7Influence of organic and inorganic N fertilization on starch metabolizing enzyme
3.8Expression patterns of targeted genes related to starch metabolism under combined organic and inorganic N fertilization
3.9Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on rice yield and yield attributes
3.10Relationship of leaf physiological traits with grain yield
3.11Relationship of post-anthesis DM and N accumulation with rice grain yield
3.12Relationship of soil properties with N metabolism and grain yield
3.13Relationship of starch-metabolizing enzyme with grain starch and amylose content
4 DISCUSSION
4.1Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on soil properties
4.1.1Soil physical properties
4.1.2Soil chemical properties
4.1.3Soil microbial biomass
4.2Influence of combined fertilization on root morphological features
4.3Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on rice leaf physiological attributes
4.3.1Gas exchange attributes
4.3.2 Leaf Chlorophyll Content
4.3.3N-metabolizing enzymes activity
4.4Effect of combined organic and inorganic N fertilization on plant N uptake and use efficiencies
4.5Total Biomass and N accumulation
4.6Relationship of leaf physiological attributes with grain yield
4.7Relationship of N uptake with yield and yield components
4.8Relationship of Pre-and Post-anthesis DM and N accumulation and translocation with grain yield
4.9Rice growth, yield and yield attributes
4.9Effect of organic and inorganic N fertilization on starch metabolism
4.10Influence of combined organic and inorganic N fertilization on rice grain nutritive quality
5 CONCLUSIONS
5.1 INNOVATIONS
5.2FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
参考文献
致谢
PUBLICATIOS
广西大学;
