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The effect of the in-text audience on reader expectations: Reassessing textual communities and Arthurian knights in late medieval romances.

机译：文字受众对读者期望的影响：重新评估中世纪后期浪漫史中的文字社区和亚瑟王骑士。

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My dissertation focuses on the in-text audience—characters who assess a text’s protagonist through their words and actions—as a tool of reader response in medieval Arthurian romances. The Arthurian tradition creates the expectation that Arthur and his knights will act in accordance with the values embraced by their textual community. When a character’s behavior violates these expectations, the reader must look to evaluations provided by the in-text audience to interpret the relationship between a tale’s protagonist and his community, at times by reassessing the values and ideals they supposedly share.;After Chapter One introduces the relationship between the in-text audience and previously developed reader response models, Chapter Two demonstrates how two apparently conflicting value systems, the heroic and the chivalric, are revealed through the in-text audience’s evaluations of Arthur’s leadership qualities. Examining episodes common to Robert Mannyng of Brunne’s Chronicle, the alliterative Morte Arthure, and Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur, I show how the in-text audience’s evaluations reveal different characteristics as dominant. Identifying these characteristics helps the reader develop an understanding of leadership according to the values embraced by the textual community in each tale.;Chapter Three also examines the dynamic between two disparate systems through the French and English treatments of Sir Gawain. The in-text evaluations of Gawain in The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Malory’s Morte Darthur reveal the growing separation between this knight and the community he believes he is representing. In this chapter, I discuss how the protagonist and his textual community consistently support their respective value systems, which forces the reader to use the in-text audience to recognize each system’s values as individually valid even though they do not necessary coincide with one another.;Chapter Four shows in-text audience members in the role of legal witnesses who testify for or against Sir Lancelot, allowing the reader to use the textual community’s system of ideals to judge him. I examine Malory’s gradual replacement of older forms of legal judgment, such as judicial combat and trial by ordeal, with legal trials based on witness testimony and verifiable proof. Lancelot’s conflicts with his textual community demonstrate the breakdown of traditional legal forms, a breakdown that prompts the disintegration of the chivalric community and foreshadows changes to the romance genre.;Finally, Chapter Five uses the similarities between in-text audience evaluations and the Christian rite of confession to examine Malory’s dedication to the religious themes of “The Tale of the Sankgreal.” In contrast to scholarship that criticizes Malory for minimizing his source’s religious material in favor of chivalric themes, I examine the manner in which Malory’s in-text audience evaluates the successes and failures of the knights on the grail quest through an increased use of confessional dialogue. These interactions allow the reader to judge the knights’ willingness to perform and learn from the confessions the spiritual nature of this tale’s textual community requires.;In conclusion, I suggest that Malory’s use of the in-text audience pays tribute to the Arthurian tradition established by his sources, but also encourages readers to recognize that his use of character representation and interaction changes readers’ expectations of chivalry and community.

机译：我的论文的重点是文本受众，即通过言语和行为来评估文本主角的角色，以此作为读者对中世纪亚瑟王朝爱情的回应工具。亚瑟王朝的传统创造了一种期望，即亚瑟王和他的骑士们将按照其文本社区所接受的价值观行事。当一个角色的行为违反了这些期望时，读者必须依靠文字观众提供的评估来解释一个故事的主角和他的社区之间的关系，有时是通过重新评估他们所共有的价值观和理想来进行的。第二章说明了文本受众与先前开发的读者反应模型之间的关系，如何通过文本受众对亚瑟领导才能的评估揭示了两个明显矛盾的价值体系，即英雄和侠义。在审视《布鲁恩纪事》的罗伯特·曼宁，文艺复兴时期的莫尔特·阿瑟尔和托马斯·马洛里爵士的莫尔特·达特尔时常见的情节，我展示了案头听众的评价如何显示出不同的主导特征。识别这些特征可以帮助读者根据每个故事中文本共同体所接受的价值观来理解领导力。第三章还通过对高文爵士的法语和英语处理来考察两种不同系统之间的动态关系。高文在《高文爵士与拉格勒爵士，高文爵士与绿色骑士的婚礼》中对高文的文字评价，以及马洛里的达特瑟（Morte Darthur）揭示了这位骑士与他认为自己代表的社区之间的距离越来越大。在这一章中，我将讨论主角及其文本社区如何始终如一地支持他们各自的价值体系，这迫使读者使用文字读者来识别每个系统的价值，尽管它们彼此之间不一定是相互一致的，但它们是有效的。第四章向文本观众展示了法律证人的作用，他们证明或反对兰斯洛特爵士，使读者能够利用文本社会的理想体系来评判他。我研究了马洛里（Malory）逐步取代较早的法律判决形式（例如司法斗争和折磨审判），并根据证人的证词和可验证的证据进行了法律审判。兰斯洛特（Lancelot）与文本社区的冲突证明了传统法律形式的崩溃，这一崩溃促使骑士社区解体，并预示着爱情流派的变化。最后，第五章使用了文本受众评估和基督教仪式之间的相似性。坦白地研究了马洛里对“桑格里尔故事”的宗教主题的奉献。与批评马洛里（Malory）尽量减少其来源的宗教材料，支持骑士主题的奖学金形成鲜明对比的是，我研究了马洛里的文字读者通过增加自白对话来评估骑士在圣杯中的成败的方式。这些互动使读者能够判断骑士表演的意愿，并从the悔中学习该故事文本社区所要求的精神性质。总之，我建议马洛里对文字受众的使用应归功于建立的亚瑟王朝传统。通过他的消息来源，但也鼓励读者认识到，他对角色表征和互动的使用改变了读者对骑士精神和社区的期望。

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作者
Clody, Kelly Nutter.;
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University of Delaware.;

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授予单位 University of Delaware.;
学科 Literature Medieval.;Literature English.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 2008
页码 194 p.
总页数 194
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
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The effect of the in-text audience on reader expectations: Reassessing textual communities and Arthurian knights in late medieval romances.

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